1. Mitsutaka Sakihama, Miyu Fujiwara

2. Agenda Philosophy Truth and nonviolence Conclusion Hindu Roots
Christian influences
Truth and nonviolence
Truth is God
Means and Ends
Conclusion
Action for truth

3. Hindu Roots

4. Practice
Aim
Brahmacharya
Satyagraha
Asceticism
Ahimsa
Non-violence

5. Bhagavad Gita Selflessness Vegetarianism Asceticism Pacifism Ahimsa
Hindu Roots
Selflessness
Vegetarianism
Bhagavad
Gita
Asceticism
Pacifism
Ahimsa

6. Bhagavad Gita ＝Renunciation of desire ⇒‟Non-violence“ ‟Ahimsa”
Being freed from object of five senses
＝Renunciation of desire
⇒‟Non-violence“　‟Ahimsa”
・Selflessness ：freedom pride and pretentiousness
・Detachment

7. Christian influence

8. The Sermon on the mountain

9. “Love your enemies;
do good to those who hate you.”
“To the one who strikes on the cheek, turn the other cheek.”
“To the one who takes your coat, 　　　 give also your shirt.” (Matthew 5:39)

10. The essence of the Gospel
Love
Nonviolence

11. humiliate did NOT work Obey accept What Christ meant For social change
Challenge injustice without breaking the covenant of God’s love
The transformative power of returning love for hatred
For social change

12. Truth is God

13. God Human We have no right to impose our version of truth on another
There is no ultimate answer
Continuous search for truth＝
The ultimate answer
The highest pursuit of life
The use of nonviolence
We have no right to impose our version of truth on another
by physical force

14. an open mind a willingness Humility
Accept and listen to other opinions
Sectarianism or dogmatism

15. Satya＝truth God＝the absolute being Truth＝the absolute being
God is truth
Satya＝truth
being
being-ness
Truth＝the absolute being
Truth is God

16. Nonviolence and truth Equality of religion
・Our conception is incomplete, religion we believe may also be incomplete.
・All religions reveal the truth, but they are incomplete and equal.
Nonviolence and truth

17. Religion(truth) and politics
Politics and religion
Those who pursue the truth, don’t have to be away from the field of living.
Religion(truth) and politics
Means of politics should be pure

18. Means and Ends

19. <The ends of human action may be unpredictable>
<The means employed are concrete and certain>

20. “Since the end of human action, as distinct from the end products of fabrication, can never be reliably predicted, the means used to achieve political goals are more often than not of greater relevance to the future world than the intended goals.”

22. Peace
Peace

23. To achieve moral ends,
it is wrong to use immoral means
To achieve immoral ends,
it is worse to use immoral means

24. 「Violence causes violence」
Means and ends should be consistent
Same ethical belief
「Violence causes violence」
「Nonviolence causes nonviolence」

25. Ends justify means Primacy of means
The means are the end
End creating rather than end serving
Ends justify means
Primacy of means
the necessity of nonviolent methods

26. Nonviolence is human law

27. Satyagraha

28. Violence Resist Satyagraha self-sacrifice
Satya = truth / Graha = grasping
"triumph of truth through the power of the spirit and the power of love“ ⇒ Withstood pain to yourself to win rights of men.
self-sacrifice
Resist
Violence
benevolence

29. Conclusion

30. Characteristic of Ghandi movement
● Optimism ● Practice (Activism) ● The masses ● Holistic
Daisaku Ikeda’s suggestion

31. ●　Optimism
His optimism comes from... Analysis of objective conditions or a prognosis ⇒ × Absolute trust in humanity ⇒ 〇 ・ ‟Unconditional faith” which he came to through a rigorous process of introspection, probing the very depths of his being. ・ ‟The indestructible conviction“ which he thus gained was something which not even death could take from him.

32. ●　Practice　（Activism)
Inspired by the inner urging of conscience Do what must be done Examine with love and humility, one's accomplishments, to see where they have fallen short or gone too far

33. ●　The masses　
“Why should He have chosen me, an imperfect instrument, for such a mighty experiment? （Gandhi asked himself） I think He deliberately did so. He had to serve the poor, ignorant millions. A perfect man might have been their despair. When they found that one with their failings was marching on towards ahimsa (nonviolence), they too had confidence in their own capacity.“ ➡Love and Willingness to suffer with the people

34. ●　Holistic
Holistic = turning away from fragmentation and isolation, aspired to integration and harmony. "I could not be leading a religious life unless I identified myself with the whole of mankind, and that I could not do unless I took part in politics “ ‟I do not know any religion apart from human activity. It provides a moral basis to all other activities which they otherwise lack, reducing life to a maze of ‘sound and fury signifying nothing.“

35. Holistic Religion Relation Politics (Indirectly)
Separation of religion and politics
Religion
Politics
Relation
(Indirectly)
Holistic

36. Gandhi’s Non violence success
● Optimism
● Practice　(Activism)
● The masses
● Holistic
⇒　Gandhi’s unique point
The secret of
Gandhi’s Non violence success

37. Discussion theme
What do you think of connection between religion and politics? Is it good? or bad?
Is it effective to use nonviolence toward violence?
What do you think air bombing against terrorists?