1. The Philippines
Tagunggu
Leleng

3. Arrival: The Philippines
An archipelago of 7,100 islands
Christians, Muslims, and followers of indigenous religions
Majority and minorities
Western Colonialization since the 16th century

4. Tagunggu First Impressions Aural Analysis Changes in tempo
Improvisation
Aural Analysis
Instruments: Kwintang, agung, gabbang, gandang
Two parts: the preparation (te-ed) and the composition proper (kuriri)

5. The Yakan kwintang, a five-gong melody instrument. Photo by Ramón P
The Yakan kwintang, a five-gong melody instrument. Photo by Ramón P. Santos

6. The Yakan agung, a set of three gongs played by a single musician
The Yakan agung, a set of three gongs played by a single musician. Photo by Ramón P. Santos

7. gandang
gabbang

8. kwintang performance of a kuriri

9. Cultural Considerations
The Yakans
Kulintang and tagunggu
Wedding celebrations
Sometimes a dance performed by a young woman and a man

11. Leleng First Impressions Aural Analysis Western Influences
A ballad of love
Aural Analysis
Accompanied by a guitar
Each passage composed of four verses

12. Lyrics At the start of the Leleng
The lovers on our terrace are telling each other tales
But nothing can be attempted
Because mother and father are watching

13. Cultural Considerations
The Tausug
Sung by young people
The tenes tenes and the darling darling (accompanied by the gabbang)—Leleng (accompanied by the guitar)