1. European Colonialism in Africa TET: Colonialism
If you have your Africa map – take it out, you will need it today.

2. European Colonial Holdings in 1800
Slide 2 – Who has the most territory? Which European powers will be vying for the control of Africa? Germany, Belgium, France, England. Why do these countries want so badly to establish colonies?

3. European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
Slide 3 – Reasons for European colonization of Africa. (write)
European Racism
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul.
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

4. The “White Man’s Burden”
Rudyard Kipling

5. The “White Man’s Burden”?

6. Social Darwinism
Slide 4 – Social Darwinism. What do you think this means? Why use Darwin’s name in this? The belief that certain societies were biologically superior to others. Were believed to be more intelligent. 100% false. A bastardization of Darwin’s idea of survival of the fittest.

7. How Europeans were able to colonize the interior of Africa
The Steamboat (poor rivers)
Improved Medicine (malaria, sleeping sickness)
The Maxim Gun (hostile natives)
“Whatever happens, we have got
The Maxim Gun and they have not”

8. Who appears to be absent from this picture?
Berlin Conference of
Carving pieces from the “great cake”
Who appears to be absent from this picture?
In the 1800’s there is a mad dash or “scramble” for Africa. European powers feverishly try and acquire as much good land in Africa as they could for the reasons previously mentioned. Clearly there is need for some sort of regulation. After all these are ”civilized” people.
Slide 5 – Berlin Conference. Countries get together how to regulate the colonization of Africa. What’s wrong with this picture? THERE ARE NO AFRICANS PRESENT!!! Another take on this conference. Why were Africans not in attendance? Probably didn’t know about it, weren’t invited, weren’t seen as fit to participate in global politics by Europeans. Europeans would refer to the scramble for Africa as attempting to cut a slice out of “the great cake.”
Another point of view? 

9. Africa
1890
Slide 7 – Berlin Conference settled which areas were open to ‘pursue’ and which were already legally held by certain European colonial powers.

10. Africa in
1914
Slide 8 – Africa in Who made out the best? France got the most land, but it’s mostly desert. Do get the Rosetta stone…which is nice. British get the best land. Two places that were never colonized: Liberia (established as a country for freed slaves who wanted to return to Africa) and Ethiopia (no one wanted it until the Italians in 1930)

11. African Economic Activity
Show economic map to prove why Britain got the best land. See all the areas where the most profitable uses of land (good farmland and available resources like minerals). This is great…if you’re a European.

12. Causes of Conflict in Colonial Africa

13. 1. Tribalism and Colonialism
Show tribal map. This is big reason why there is so much conflict in Africa today. Too much division over which tribe should be in charge. Many Africans are far more loyal to their tribe as oppose to their country. Ex: Hutu and the Tutsis in Rwanda
If you’re an African, this is horrible. No longer are you in charge of your own destiny. All the wealth of your land now belongs to someone else. And your tribal identity (who you are) is completely ignored.

14. 1. European Cruelty and Exploitation
King Leopold II: (r – 1909)
Slide 14 – Another source of conflict- learned cruelty from European colonists. Example: King Leopold II of Belgium and the rubber trade. Not a true “king” of Belgium. He didin’t rule over the country, the Prime Minister and the Parliament did. Sort of like the Queen of the UK. But he was rich and owned a lot of land. He bought the Congo and financed a police type force to manage it.

15. Harvesting Rubber
Slide 15 – Belgium ruled what is now known as the Congo and one of its main resources was rubber. Industrial revolution made rubber a necessity. Lots of new machine joints that needed rubber cushioning. Tires were the main use. Africans were used to ‘tap’ rubber and it was then shipped out.

16. Punishing “Lazy” Workers
Slide 13 – Africans in Congo were treated intolerably cruel. Many were given unrealistic quotas to meet and if these quotas were not met, enslaved workers were often beaten, whipped, mutilated, or killed. The chicotte. A whip with a barb on the end often used for disciplining Congolese.

17. Nearly 10 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official
Slide 17 – Account of mutilation – remind students that they do not need to write this, only read it and look at the pictures. If quotas were not met, the Belgians cut off one’s hand. If a village refused to harvest rubber, a village may be destroyed. Women and children held hostage to “encourage” male workers to harvest rubber. All sorts of cruelty inflicted to keep Congolese in line. Some Force Publique officers would become the inspiration of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. When all is said and done around 10 million Congolese would die during Leopold’s regime from

18. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

19. Leopold’s Conscience??
Leopold unconcerned about situation in the Congo. Never even went to the Congo. Bribed as many people as he could to keep information about cruelty in the Congo private.

20. “Incorruptible Camera”

21. How Did Colonialism Affect Kenya?
By how much did colonialism increase in Africa from ?
What did England want with Kenya? What did Africans get from England?
What was the “Kipande”? What is its purpose? How did Africans feel about it?
What does the question “How did colonialism affect Kenya?” mean? What does it mean by “Kenya”?