1. Men who have sex with men
Last updated: December 2018

2. CONTENT Population size estimates HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
HIV expenditure
National response

3. Population size estimates

4. Men who have sex with men size estimates
Country
Estimated size
Definition
Adult males
As% of males
(15-49)
Afghanistan(2015)
10,700
Males 15+yrs; both active and passive
8,049,121
0.1
Australia(2011)
190,000
Self identify as men who have sex with men
5,614,708
3.4
Bangladesh(2015)
MSM:101,695
MSW: 29,776
MSM: Males 10+ yrs; who had sex with males with consent in the last year regardless of whether they have sex with women or have a personal/social gay or bisexual identity but do not sell sex. MSW: Males who sell sex to other males in exchange of money or gifts in last 3 months
53,473,975
MSM: 0.2
MSW: 0.1
Cambodia(2015)
20,000
Information not available
4,083,152
0.8
China(2013)
3,960,000
Males yrs; who have sex with men in recent year
400,323,128
1.0
India(2009)
357,000
365,281,206
Indonesia(2016)
754,310
Biological males aged years or older who had sex with a man in the last 12 months
71,618,154
1.1
Japan(2013)
519,721
27,384,599
1.9
Lao PDR (2018)
54,624
1,817,676
2.8
Malaysia(2017)
140,000
Males 18+ yrs, who had engaged in anal sex with men at least once in the previous six months
8,472,244
2.0
Mongolia(2014)
3,118
Males yrs; who had anal or oral sex with men in the past 12 months
836,336
0.4
Myanmar(2015)
252,000
Males 15+ yrs; who has had anal sex with another male in the past 6 months
14,349,533
1.8
Nepal(2016)
MSM: 60,333
MSW: 18,287
MSM: Males who have oral and/or anal sex with other biological males, at least once, in the past 12 months. MSW: Males 16+yrs; who had oral and/or anal sex with other males in the past 12 months in exchange for money or other benefits.
7,145,550
MSM: 1
MSW: 0.3
Pakistan(2016)
MSM: 832,213
MSW: 55,340
MSM: Male 13+ yrs who has sex with other men as a matter of preference or practice, regardless of their sexual identity/orientation, and irrespective of whether or not they also have sex with women MSW: Males 13+yrs; who undertakes sexual activity with a man in return for money or benefits
51,045,195
MSM: 1.6
Philippines(2015)
MSM: 531,500
MSW: 86,600
MSM: Males 15+ yrs; who had oral or anal sex with a male in the past 12 months.
MSW: Males 15+yrs; who had oral or anal sex with a male in the past 12 months and accepted cash or kind in exchange for sex regardless of establishment-based or not
24,435,734
MSM: 2.2
MSW: 0.4
Sri Lanka(2013)
7,551
All men who have sex with other men as a matter of prevalence or practice, regardless of their sexual identity or sexual orientation.
5,049,250
Thailand(2016)
MSM: 590,700
MSW: 15,000
MSM: Male 18+, anal or oral sex with male in the past 12 months. MSW: Male 18+ who exchange money or goods for sexual services either regularly or occasionally in the last 12 months
17,559,378
MSM: 3
MSW: 0.2
Viet Nam(2017)
174,944
Male 18+ yrs; who have oral or anal sex with another man in the past 12 months
26,182,125
1.5
Source: Global AIDS Monitoring reporting to 2018, China 2013 HIV estimation, and United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision

5. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

6. Distribution of new HIV infections by population, 2017
84% of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific are concentrated among key populations and their sexual partners
Distribution of new HIV infections by population, 2017
84%
of new HIV infections among key populations and their partners
Sex workers
People who inject drugs
Men who have sex with men
Transgender
Clients of sex workers and partners of key populations
Rest of population
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS (2018). Miles To Go: Closing Gaps, Breaking Barriers, Righting Injustices

7. New HIV infections will escalate if we continue “business as usual”
Philippines
Malaysia
Source: Prepared by based on AIDS Epidemic Modelling submitted for the HIV estimates 2018

8. Select geographical locations where HIV prevalence is higher than 5% among MSM, 2013-2017
Source: Prepared by based on HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; Lan, W., et al. (2012). HIV Prevalence and Influencing Factors Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance among Men who have Sex with Men in China, and Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Intensifying HIV response among MSMs with city-approach in Chengdu city, China.; Global ADIS Response Progress Reporting 2016; Global AIDS Monitoring 2017 and 2018

9. High and/or rising HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in cities, 2007-2017
Source: Prepared by based on HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; GARPR Reporting and Global AIDS Monitoring

10. HIV prevalence among MSM by region, latest available year, 2011-2017
* Capital region/city, ++ 4 provinces, cities (Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and Phuket)
Source: Prepared by based on 1. HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; 2. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; 3.Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and 4.Global AIDS Monitoring

11. Active syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men, 2011-2018
Source: Prepared by based on 1) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; 2) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; and 3) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

12. Risk behaviours

13. Proportion of MSM who reported condom use at last anal sex with male partner, 2014-2017
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting and Global AIDS Monitoring

14. Consistent condom use among men who have sex with men, 2011-2018
Prevention gap: consistent condom use is less than 60% in many countries where data is available
Consistent condom use among men who have sex with men,
90%
* casual (non-transactional) male partners; ** when bought sex
Source: Prepared by based on Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports; Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys; HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

15. Condom use at last anal sex and consistent use among MSM, 2010-2018
* with commercial/paid male partners; ** casual male partners
Source: Prepared by based on Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012; Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys; and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

16. Proportion of surveyed MSM who sold sex to men, 2011-2018
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

17. Proportion of MSM who reported buying sex from male and female, 2009-2016
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

18. Proportion of MSM reported consistent condom with male commercial partners in the last month,
HCMC = Ho Chi Minh City
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

19. Proportion of MSM reported consistent condom use with non-commercial/casual partners, 2010-2018
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys, and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys; 2) Chan, R., Chio, M., Lim, S., Poh, K., Tan, A., Loh, B., & Foong, J. (2013). Outreach HIV Testing Project in Venues Frequented by Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) – August 2013 – October 2013; 3) Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., et al. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-Based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: AIDS Task Force of Fiji

20. Proportion of MSM who had sex with female partners in the last year, 2009 - 2018
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; and 3. Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., et al. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-Based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: AIDS Task Force of Fiji.

21. Proportion of MSM who inject drugs, 2012-2018
* Capital city
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and 2. Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

22. Prevailing stigma, discrimination and violence against MSM
Physical violence
Sexual violence
Stigma and mental health
* Experienced violence or rape in the last year
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Behavioral and Surveillance Surveys

23. Proportion of MSM who had been raped/forced to have sex in the last 12 months, 2010-2018
*Last 6 months; ** ever experienced forced sex/rape
PNG is mixed sample of MSM and TG
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys ; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

24. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

25. Proportion of MSM with comprehensive HIV knowledge, by age group, countries where data is available,
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys ; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys and 3) UNGASS and Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

26. HIV expenditure

27. 15% 6% 21% 4% 81% 3% Bangladesh Nepal Philippines
Mismatch in investments: too little has been spent for MSM prevention programme where big chunk of new infections are occurring among MSM
Proportion of MSM among
Adult (15+) new HIV infections
Spending on MSM HIV prevention programme
out of total AIDS spending
15% 6%
Bangladesh
21% 4%
Nepal
81% 3%
Philippines
New HIV infections among MSM
Spending on MSM prevention programme
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and Country submitted AEM-Spectrum files for GARPR 2016 reporting

28. Key populations account for 60-90% of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific countries but only a third was spent for key populations HIV prevention programme
Proportion of prevention spending among key populations in Asia and the Pacific region
35%
19%
10% 6%
of total
prevention
spending
15 countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Palau,
Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Island, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam
Source: Prepared by based on GARPR reporting

29. Prevention spending on key populations is heavily dependent on international financing sources
Distribution of prevention spending by financing source in Asia and the Pacific, latest available year,
Spending by service category is not available for India and China
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

30. Proportion of AIDS spending by major spending category, Asia and the Pacific, 2009-2013
AIDS spending breakdown is not available for China and India
Source: Prepared by based on

31. Proportion of prevention spending by category, 2009-2013
Youth
Prevention mother-to-child
General prevention and others
Sex workers and their clients
People who inject drugs
Men who have sex with men
Note: Data from latest available year. China and India did not report prevention spending breakdown.
Source: Prepared by based on

32. Proportion of MSM prevention spending from domestic public sources is still very low
Source: Prepared by based on

33. Trends in proportion of spending on MSM prevention programmes out of total prevention spending, countries with >5% HIV prevalence among MSM in national estimates from surveys
Source: Prepared by based on

34. Spending on HIV prevention programmes focused on MSM, 2009-2013
Source: Prepared by based on

35. National response

36. HIV testing response gap to reach Fast-Track target: less than half of men who have sex with men know their HIV status
HIV testing coverage among men who have sex with men,
90%
*Dhaka and Hili; ** Programme data
Source: Prepared by based on ; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and Global AIDS Monitoring

37. Proportion of MSM reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2015-2017
Definition of reach:
In the past three months, MSM reported receiving two or more of the prevention interventions listed below -
Given condoms and lubricants
Received counselling on condom use and safe sex
Tested for sexually transmitted infections
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Monitoring Reporting 2017 and 2018

38. Criminalisation of same-sex sexual activities between consenting adult males in South-East Asia and the Pacific countries
South-East Asia
Pacific
Brunei
YES
Fiji NO
Cambodia
Kiribati
Indonesia
Marshall Islands
Lao PDR
FSM*
Malaysia
Nauru
Myanmar
Palau
Philippines
Papua New Guinea
Singapore
Samoa
Thailand
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Viet Nam
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014
*Federated States of Micronesia

39. Criminalisation of same-sex sexual activities between consenting adult males in South Asia and East Asia countries
South Asia
East Asia
Afghanistan
YES
China NO
Bangladesh
Japan
Bhutan
Mongolia
India
DRP Korea
Maldives
Rep of Korea
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

40. slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
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slides compiled by
Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge if slides are lifted directly from this site