1. Water Safety

2. Water Safety
Q: What determines the safety of a water source and how potable it is?
Potable – safe for humans to drink
A: Biological, physical, and chemical variables
Bill board video

3. Biological Variables
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites can contaminate water
Come from sewage and animal waste
Waterborne Bacteria that causes diarrhea
Waterborne = carried in water

4. Physical Variables Temperature Lower temp = water can hold more O2
Higher temp = plants grow faster and produce O2
Water Movement
Faster water flow dilutes pollution faster

5. Physical Variables Turbidity How cloudy water is
High turbidity can suffocate fish eggs and make it hard for fish to breathe
Partner quiz

6. Partner Quick Quiz (must be complete sentences)
1. What type of variable is water temperature?
2. Describe how water with high turbidity would look
3. What is a biological variable?
4. Name at least 1 biological variable.
5. What does the word potable mean?
6. What type of variable is water movement?
7. Where do biological variables come from?
8. What is a physical variable?

7. Chemical Variables Dissolved oxygen
microscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen (O2) that are dissolved in water
Comes from - photosynthesis and the atmosphere
DO video ( 5 mins)

8. Comprehension check

9. Chemical Variables pH Measure of the acidity of a liquid
Indicated using a scale (0=acid) (14 = base)
Vinegar = seawater = 8.3

10. Effects of High pH
Water with high pH typically contains large amounts of dissolved minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium. These represent the principal components of "hard" water. The minerals do not pose a direct health threat, but they cause other problems, such as scale buildup inside water pipes, soap scum, and decreased effectiveness of soaps and detergents.
Effects of Low pH
Acid water with a pH less than 6.5 poses no direct health threat. However, acidic water tends to dissolve metals, including lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and other metals commonly found in household water-supply pipes. This process also results in corrosion of the pipes.

11. Delaware Estuary
tional/dissolved/
1. What lowers oxygen levels in a body of water according to the article?
2. What were the conditions in the estuary from May through November in the areas around Philadelphia? What did this cause?
3. What was done to restore healthy levels of oxygen to the Delaware estuary?
4. Write a 4 sentence summary of the article in your own words. (no copy/pasting from article)

12. Dissolved Oxygen article
html
1. Can you see dissolved oxygen? Why or why not?
2. What does the article say breathes DO?
3. What happens to DO and aquatic life when water heats up?
4. During what seasons are DO levels higher?
Why are they higher during these seasons?

13. pH Chart
Liquid
pH value
Encountered where

14. Chemical Variables Salinity refers to the amount of salt
dissolved in water
Takes up space oxygen can’t use

15. What defines an ocean habitat?
Salinity
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen pH
Light
Nutrients
Substrate (base layer)
Circulation (water movement)

17. Your challenge
Choose a water source (estuary, lake, river, ocean, bay, sound, etc)
Find a specific one you will research
List at least 1 specific example of each of the 3 types of variables found there
Describe at least 1 biological variable (label it!)
Describe at least 1 physical variable ( label it!)
Describe at least 1 chemical variables ( label it!)
Must have a minimum of 4 total
Ex : The Mississippi river has higher salinity where salt water from the gulf of Mexico creeps up it during periods of low rainfall. ( chemical)

18. BioIndicators Animals that tell us how healthy an ecosystem is
Provide an early warning of environmental damage
Can’t be too tolerant

19. BioIndicators Are often insects 3 main types Pollution Intolerant
Pollution Semi-tolerant
Pollution Tolerant

20. U.S. drinking water standards
Runoff can carry chemicals or oil
This can percolate into groundwater
Humans dump sewage waste into rivers
This is why U. S. standards were first introduced in 1914

21. U.S. Drinking water Standards
Pre 1970
Worried about microorganisms in water causing disease
After 1970
Worried about pesticides, industrial sludge, and chemicals

22. Write a story from the perspective of an ocean animal and be sure to include 1. An event that affects either DO, salinity, or pH levels in the environment in which you are living.  2. Explain how you found out about the event. 3. Discuss in your story how you (the ocean animal)  were affected by the event and its repercussions.  4. Include one point source OR one non point source of pollution 5. Include a biological and physical variable that affects water sources from the notes
Include at least 3 illustrations – must include color (may use construction paper I will provide)

23. I am a dolphin living off the coast of Georgia
I am a dolphin living off the coast of Georgia. I live near a delicious smelling breakfast making factory. One day, the plant workers were throwing a party to celebrate St. Patrick’s day when they left the machines unattended and the large coffee making section of the plant exploded. 250,000 gallons of scalding hot coffee were released into the ocean near my home. This decreased the pH level of the ocean because coffee is acidic. It also increased the water temperature, so the DO levels went down and my family was forced to evacuate from our home. We found out about what happened because my brother likes to play close to the drainage pipe from the factory. The coffee was such a major point pollution source that our home was uninhabitable for weeks and we had to go stay with some cousins who live in Florida. When we got to their house, my mom got sick because she was not used to the bacteria that they have in Florida in the river where my cousins live. Fortunately She did not stay sick for long because the river had a fast current, and would carry the bacteria away as soon as it would grow.