1. guten tag! have a pencil/pen and your journal ready!

2. turn to your pH notes.
We will be adding to these notes. If you prefer, you can treat today’s additions as new notes.

3. Why is pH important?

4. The adjectives “acidic” and “basic” are two terms used to describe chemicals, much like the words “hot” and “cold".

5. pH tells us the relative amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and Hydroxide ions (OH-) that are in a solution

6. Huh?

7. dissociation of water

8. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the more acidic the substance.
The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the more basic the substance.

9. Hmmm...

10. Acid
Base

11. So can we see these ions?

12. pH indicators can tell us whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or basic.

13. Examples of acidic substances (0-6)

14. Examples of neutral substances (7)

15. Examples of basic substances (8-14)

17. AMMONIA, NITRITE, & NITRATE
Properties
Whether we are checking for water quality, figuring out composition, or preparing an aquarium, there are four main properties to focus upon:
SALINITY
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
AMMONIA, NITRITE, & NITRATE pH

18. pH

19. In other words, even a small change in pH is a tremendous difference!
The pH scale is logarithmic. For example:
A pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5.
Furthermore, a pH of 3 is a hundred times more acidic than a pH of 5.
In other words, even a small change in pH is a tremendous difference!

20. Practice Questions pH How many times more acidic is a pH of 2 than 4?
2. How many times more basic is a pH of 10 than 9?
3. How many times more acidic is a pH of 1 than 5?

21. 6

22. 8

23. ? 6 8

24. pH tests

26. Salinity refers to the amount of salts dissolved in the water.
Other terms referring to salinity:
CONDUCTIVITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY REFRACTIVE INDEX