1. Information about Lord of the Flies
Dr. Grimaldi’s
English 2 Honor’s
Class Notes

2. Themes
The most obvious of the themes is man's need for civilization. Contrary to the belief that man is innocent and society evil, the story shows that laws and rules, policemen and schools are necessary to keep the darker side of human nature in line. When these institutions and concepts slip away or are ignored, human beings revert to a more primitive part of their nature.

3. Themes Evil (the beast) is within man himself.
Golding implies that the loss of innocence has little to do with age but is related to a person's understanding of human nature. It can happen at any age or not at all. Painful though it may be, this loss of innocence by coming to terms with reality is necessary if humanity is to survive.

4. Themes
Fear of the unknown on the island revolves around the boys' terror of the beast. The recognition that no real beast exists, that there is only the power of fear, is one of the deepest meanings of the story.

5. They’re the real thing
Golding establishes a sense of reality by his descriptions of the boys and by the language of their conversations with each other.
The boys have ordinary physical attributes and mannerisms of young boys. The group includes a variety of physical types: short, tall, dark, light, freckled, tow-headed, etc…

6. ...They’re the real thing
To stress the universality of their later actions, Golding takes great pains to present the boys as normal. The ‘littluns” suck their thumbs, eat sloppily, etc…, while the older ones roll about in the sand, stand on their heads, and swim.

7. ...They’re the real thing
Even their unkindness to Piggy is credible, for children often display a natural cruelty to anyone they consider different or inferior.

8. Life among the savages
Nor does their metamorphosis from ordinary schoolboys into bloodthirsty savages seem unlikely, for Golding has taken the descent one step at a time.

9. Characters as symbols Ralph=common sense, and responsibility
Jack=immediate gratification and irresponsible authority
Piggy=ineffective intellectualism
Simon=mystic, religious side of man. Understands good and evil but no communication.
Samneric=incapable of acting independently. They represent loss of identity through fear of the beast.

10. Characters as symbols
Dead parachutist= the “sign,” evil developing on the island
Each of the characters represents a part of man.

11. ...Characters as symbols
We all have good, evil, common sense, intelligence, a sense of nature within us.

12. Objects as symbols Conch shell Lord of the Flies law and order
The shell loses authority as anarchy grows.
The conch fades in color and power. Its power is broken with the “fall of piggy.”
Lord of the Flies
Refers to the head of the pig which Jack has left as an offering to the “beast”
Literal translation of the “Beelzebub”, prince of demons
Symbolizes man’s capacity for evil

13. Objects as symbols Huts Fire
represent the desire to preserve civilization
When Jack gains power they move into caves like the animals they have become.
Fire
Its use divides civilization from savagery.
Ralph uses it for hope; Jack for cooking.
It is Jack’s group that allows the fire (hope) to go out.

14. Objects as symbols Piggy’s glasses Night and Darkness
They signify man’s ability to perceive, to think. That thought can be misused for destructive purposes is shown when Piggy’s glasses are used to smoke Ralph out.
Night and Darkness
an archetypal symbol of evil, “the powers of darkness”
The boys would have recognized the parachutist in the daylight, as would they have Simon. The beast is more real at night.

15. Objects as symbols Stick sharpened on both ends Face paint
represents how much evil has taken the boys over
First it was used to offer the beast the pig sacrifice.
It would have been used to offer Ralph.
Face paint
The paint helps the boys hide from their own consciences, turning them into anonymous savages who are freed from the restraints of “civilized” behavior.

16. Jack
Jack, chief representative of evil in the novel, is too inhibited by society’s teachings to slay the piglet the first day. He later progresses to exhilaration in his first kill.

17. …Jack
Eventually he comes to kill for the sheer thrill of slaughter rather than the need for meat, and this becomes the motive for hunting.

18. Ralph
Ralph, a tall, blond twelve year old, establishes himself as the leader of the boys when he blows the conch shell to call the first assembly. Throughout the story, he struggles to maintain order and is forced to compete with Jack for respect.

19. Dynamic character
A dynamic character is one who undergoes a change during the story because he learns a truth or comes to a realization about himself.
Ralph is such a character.

20. A. His initial character
1. Enjoys the absence of adults on the island
2. Popular
3. Indifferent to Piggy
4. Enjoys the island
5. Likes Jack
6. Trusts others
7. Refuses to accept the beast.

21. B. What changes him 1. Decay of order 2. Insistence on rules
3. Need for intelligence
4. Brutal behavior revealed
5. Savagery in Jack
6. Betrayed by all
7. Savagery in himself and other

22. C. Character change 1. Wishes adults were present on the island
2. An outcast
3. Appreciates and misses Piggy
4. Hates the island
5. Fears Jack
6. Trusts no one
7. Knows the beast is within