1. Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages 1061-1067 (April 1998)
Bicarbonate and bicarbonate/lactate peritoneal dialysis solutions for the treatment of infusion pain 
Robert A. Mactier, Timothy S. Sprosen, Ram Gokal, Paul F. Williams, Marianne Lindbergh, Ramesh B. Naik, Ulf Wrege, Knut-Christian Gröntoft, Rutger Larsson, Jonas Berglund, Anders P. Tranæus, Dirk Faict 
Kidney International 
Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages (April 1998)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Time course of pain severity time profile in one patient during evaluation of the control lactate solution.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Frequency of peak infusion pain severity using the verbal rating scale for the bicarbonate (□), bicarbonate/lactate (▪) and lactate () solution. The 17 patients were evaluated with each solution on two separate occasions.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Peak pain verbal rating scale response (0 = no pain, 1 = mild pain, 2 = moderate pain, 3 = severe pain, 4 = very severe pain) for the lactate, bicarbonate and bicarbonate/lactate solution during (A) infusion, (B) dwell and (C) drain. Each condition represents the adjusted mean ±SEM for 34 separate evaluations of each solution. P values were calculated by ANOVA.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Effects of the lactate, bicarbonate and the bicarbonate/lactate solutions on the (A) total weighted pain rating index, (B) number of words chosen and (C) present pain intensity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Each condition represents the adjusted mean ±SEM for 34 separate evaluations of each solution. P values were calculated by ANOVA.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Effects of the lactate, bicarbonate and the bicarbonate/lactate solutions on individual dimensions of the McGill Pain Questionnaire: (A) affective dimension; (B) sensory dimension; (C) evaluative dimension; (D) miscellaneous dimension. Each condition represents the adjusted mean ±SEM for 34 separate evaluations of each solution. P values were calculated by ANOVA.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions