1. How and to what effect did interregional contact and exchange increase during this era?

2. Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library 2002
Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
During this time period ( C.E)many connections were established among regions. These formed interregional patterns of unity.

3. Cultural exchange had many aspects.
Population increased and people migrated.
Trade networks expanded and cities grew.
Huge empires brought many different groups of people together.
People shared ideas across regions.

4. So how did contact and exchange change during this time-period??
Population
Trade
So how did
contact and exchange
change during this
time-period??
Ideas
Empires

5. World population grew from about 250 million to 460 million between
200 CE and 1500 CE.

6. Population growth in Afroeurasia affected the environment.
Deforestation happened when cities and farming expanded. (SLASH AND BURN)

7. Due to higher population, land was destroyed causing groups to migrate (move)
Migrating groups introduced new plants and animals into their new homes.
Technologies for farming, warfare, and crafts spread as people moved.
Languages, styles of living, and arts also spread.

8. EXAMPLE
If China got too crowded, people from China might leave and move somewhere else. But, they would take their customs, language, foods, and traditions with them.
Causes and sometimes caused by SLASH and BURN!

9. People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia.
Population
Vikings
Mongols
Germanic Tribes
Turkic Groups
Chinese
Arabs
Bantu-Speaking People of Africa
People of Oceania
People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia.

10. Empires changed…New ones formed using the foundations of old empires.

11. States and Empires in 600 CE
Sui China
Silla
Parhae
Yamoto Japan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
Ghana
Axum
Sassanid Empire
Byzantine Empire
States and Empires in 600 CE

12. States and Empires in 800 CE
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CE

13. States and Empires in 1237 CE
Scandanavian Kingdoms
Russia
England
Poland
H.R.E.
Mongol Empire
France
Spain
Hungary
Rum
Koryo
Portugal
Almohad Caliphate
Sung China
Kamakura Japan
Ayyubid Caliphate
Delhi Sultanate
Mali
Angkor
Ethiopia
Oyo
Benin
Zimbabwe
States and Empires in 1237 CE

14. States and Empires in 1400 CE
Union of Kalmar
Russian States
Scotland England
Poland-Lithuania
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Jagatai Khanate
Holy Roman Empire
France
Hungary
Portugal
Castile
Ottoman Emp.
Korea
Timurid Empire
Ashikaga Japan
Granada
Ming China
Marinids Hafsids
Mamluk Sultanate
Mali
Ethiopia
Siam
Oyo Benin
Vijayanagara
Zanj City-States
Majapahit
Zimbabwe
States and Empires in 1400 CE

15. How did states and empires stimulate cultural exchanges in Afroeurasia?
Wars led to destruction but produced new inventions.
Strong governments protected trade routes.
Science, religious institutions, and arts, grew and spread.
Large states brought together many ethnic, language, and religious groups.

16. EXAMPLE:
The Mongols United Asia and part of Europe (Kublai Khan), so all different Asian cultures came into contact with each other and shared ideas and beliefs. Made trade routes safer.
The main religion of the Byzantine Empire was Christian and the main language was Greek. When the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire, they brought their customs and religion (ISLAM) and language (ARABIC and PERSIAN) with them to the new land.

17. The number of cities grew, as well as trade networks between them.
Trade was also closely linked to cultural exchange.
Empires supported trade in Afroeurasia. Merchants traveled great distances in search of wealth…Remember the Silk Roads?

18. Trade
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From CE, trade routes extended farther and were used by more travelers.

19. How did expanding trade networks bring about cultural exchanges in Afroeurasia?
Trade helped spread religions, languages, ideas, and arts. The more people talk to and come into contact with others…the more they learn and the smarter they get!
Trade stimulated use of natural resources.
Cities and manufacturing centers grew bigger.
Banks, credit, and money systems encouraged regional and long distance trade.

20. When people came in contact they also spread
Disease!!!!
Thanks to the Mongols trading and conquering they help spread the deadly disease, The Black Plague, that wiped out at least 1/3 of the world’s population!!

21. EXAMPLE
The Silk Roads connected Asia to Europe so they could trade goods with each other (SILK and spices, and gold and salt).
As people talked to people from other parts of the world, they learned new things and got smarter. CRUSADES increased trade!!! Crusaders brought Middle-Eastern items back to Europe.
Diseases (especially BLACK PLAGUE) also spread on trade routes.

22. The spread of major religions from 300-1500 CE :90 second video
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Christianity
Ideas
The spread of major religions from CE :90 second video

23. religions across Afroeurasia?
Ideas
Who spread these major
religions across Afroeurasia?
Monks spread Buddhism.
Traders and Sufi orders spread Islam.
Missionaries
spread Christianity.

24. Scholars studied and spread knowledge in many institutions of learning.
Ideas
Sung scholar
Korean library
European astronomer
Muslim astronomers

25. Natural sciences developed in
Ideas
Natural sciences developed in
many places.
Indian
Chinese
Muslim
European

26. Transport and communication technologies improved.
Ideas
Stern-rudder
Mapmaking
Books & paper
Astrolabe
Lateen sail
Stirrup
North Arabian camel saddle

27. Water & energy technologies were transferred across Afroeurasia.
Ideas
Hydraulic systems carried water where expanding cities needed it.
Wheels lifted water to irrigate crops and drain swamps.
Waterwheels, windmills, and trip- hammers provided energy for pumping, grinding, milling, and pounding.

28. EXAMPLE
Religions were shared and spread between regions. (Buddhism spread by Monks, Christianity spread by missionaries).
Astronomers from different parts of the world would share ideas and learn from each other.
Because people shared ideas, lots of new inventions became invented.

29. Crops also spread across Afroeurasia
Crops also spread across Afroeurasia. Travelers and migrants introduced plants into new regions. People began to grow, eat, and sell these crops

30. Citrus fruits rolled from Southwest Asia to Spain.
Ideas
Citrus fruits rolled from Southwest Asia to Spain.
Cane sugar traveled from India to the Mediterranean.

31. Due to Increased Trade
The pace of innovation (inventing things) increased.
Knowledge accumulated more quickly.
Manufacturing and farming productivity increased.
More trade routes were developed.
Disease was also spread wider and quicker. (Black Plague)

32. Thinking about today’s notes
Construct a claim (thesis) to answer the below question with 3 reasons to support your claim
(talking points)
How and to what effect did interregional contact and exchange increase during this era?
In other words, explain how different parts of the world started interacting with each other. What kinds of things were spread/shared and how?

33. Essay Format
This essay will be 5 paragraphs. Intro, 3 body paragraphs (one for each point you choose to focus on)-Make sure to include 9 specific facts/details, and a Conclusion.
Example…
Intro with claim identifying which 3 points you will be talking about. (ONE sentence only)
First talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph.
Second talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph.
Third talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph.
Conclusion-Brief summary re-stating claim. (ONE sentence only)

34. Class Examples
“Exchange and contact increased dramatically because of (1, 2, 3).”
Remember this whole presentation addresses the question so go back and highlight your specific facts you can include in your paper to SUPPORT your CLAIM/THESIS

35. ALTERNATIVE:
“Exchange and contact increased dramatically because of (1, 2, 3).”
1. Mongols
2. Plague
3. Crusades
You would still have to address how these things effected contact between different people and use 9 specific facts about these events to support your argument.