1. Review

2. Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis)
What is it?
The _________________ that living things can arise from _________________ material.
Examples:
1) A dirty _________________ placed in a container of _________________ would produce _________________.
2) _________________ and _________________ formed in clouds and fell to the earth
3) _________________ came from _________________ and decaying
bodies.

3. Biogenesis Do a drawing on your table describing biogenesis Bonus!!!
Define:
Bio-
Gen-

4. Who was the Italian scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation?
_________________
How did he do it? – describe with your partner
Placed bits of _________________, snake, fish and eel into _________________ different jars.
1st Experiment (Experimental)
_____________ jars maggots _________________
2nd Experiment (Controlled)
_____________ jars ______ maggots formed
3rd Experiment
_____________ covered jars _______ maggots formed

5. Who was the English scientist and what did he do?
_________________
_________________ meat broth for a few minutes in a _________________ _________________ _________________.
After a few days, he found it had _________________ _________________.
Claimed that boiling had _________________ all life in the broth
What did he conclude from this?
Organisms formed _________________ because the flasks were _________________ and life _________________ _________________.

6. How did Lazzaro Spallanzani discredit Needham’s results?
Concluded: The broth was _________________ _________________ long enough to _________________ all life.
Concluded: The flasks were _________________ _________________ tightly enough
_________________ the opening of the _________________, _________________ the broth longer and _________________ _________________ were formed.

7. What was Pasteur’s Experiment?
Draw it

8. First Forms of Life What were the first forms of life? Describe them
_________________
Dependent on _________________ _________________ molecules for food (_________________)
_________________ because the early atmosphere contained no _________________

9. What is the Heterotroph Hypothesis?
The first living organism was a _______________. 
Heterotrophs are organisms that ____________________________ by feeding on others (or on organic compounds)
Hetero = __________
troph = __________________
Before there were other organisms, they would feed on ______________ “left-overs” of their origin.

10. How did autotrophs begin to arise?
Dissolved organic molecules began to _________________
Allowed _________________ organisms to _________________
Photosynthetic organisms produced _________________
Gave rise to _________________ _________________

11. What type of protection came from the production of oxygen?
_________________
Protection from _________________ _________________

12. How did photosynthesis change the world?
Atmosphere had very little _________________
Organisms lived in the _________________ _________________
Allowed for new _________________ to survive

13. Describe Eukaryotic cells
Draw a eukaryotic cell with a partner

14. What is the significance of sexual reproduction?
Evolution drastically _________________
Offspring never _________________ _________________ their parents or siblings
_________________ genetic variation = increased chances of _________________ change from _________________ _________________

15. How were the first cells discovered?
_________________, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of _________________.
How were they described?
tiny _________________ or a honeycomb
He thought that cells only existed in _________________ and _________________.

16. How was it discovered that cells are found in animals and plants?
_________________ used a handmade _________________ to observe pond scum & discovered _________________ _________________
He called them “_________________”
He also observed _________________ cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans

17. As a table, describe spontaneous generation and give an example

18. What was the tiny sphere in the middle of plant cells?
the _________________, and soon after these _________________ were also found in _________________ cells.
This discovery was the beginning of what theory?
__________________________________

19. What is the common name for “protoplasm? And who discovered it?
_________________
Felix Dujardin
What else did he conclude?
Microorganisms consist of a _________________ cell

20. Who concluded plant parts are made of cells?
_________________ _________________
Who concluded stated all animal tissues are composed of cells?
_________________ _________________

21. What was Virchow’s conclusion?
Cells must arise from _________________ cells

22. List the original Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of _________________ or _________________ cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)( )
The cell is the _________________ __________ of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)( )
All cells are produced by the _________________ of _________________ cells. (Virchow)(1858)

23. What changed in the Modern Cell Theory?
The cell contains _________________ information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell _________________.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical _________________ and _________________ activities.
6. All basic chemical & _________________ functions are carried out ________________ the cells (movement, digestion, etc.)
7. Cell activity depends on the activities of _________________ structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)

24. Characteristics of Life
Movement – there is movement within all living things
Reproduction – necessary for the survival of a species
Sensitivity – respond to the environment
Growth – always replacing existing material
Adaptation – passes from parent to offspring
Nutrition – use energy, need water and organic chemicals
Cells & Organization – the cells are organized

25. Come up with your own Mnemonic

26. Give 2 examples of other cultures’ understanding of life

27. Journal Entry
Describe how you believe that advances in technology can help us understand the characteristics of life and how this may aid with the discrepancies in our current understandings of life.