1. Foreign Policy: Protecting the American Way
Chapter 17

2. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The cold war era and its lessons
Containment
Bipolar power structure
Vietnam
Mikhail Gorbachev and the fall of the Soviet Union

3. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The air wars of the 1990s
Multilateralism approach
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War 1990
Serbian aggression and war in the Balkans
Bosnia 1995
“Ethnic cleansing” in Kosovo 1999

4. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The war on terrorism
9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks
Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban

5. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The Iraq War
George W. Bush announces new preemptive war doctrine
Rationale for war: suspected weapons of mass destruction Strong international objection to military action
Postwar Iraq very unstable
Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond on other fronts
Waning public support and the “surge” of 2007

6. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The Afghanistan escalation and Pakistan
Taliban slowly reasserting control
Pakistan used as a safe haven for Taliban
Afghan surge
Analysts and the Pakistani security concern
Drawdown of U.S. troops

7. The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
The Arab Spring and the Iranian nuclear threat
Unrest and protest in Tunisia spreads to Egypt and to nearly every Arab country
U.S. caught off guard by the scale of the uprisings
U.S. and NATO military intervention in Libya
U.S. and the Syrian civil war
Rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq
UN-backed economic sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear program

8. The Military Dimension of National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Nuclear war
Deterrence policy
Mutually assured destruction (MAD)
Threat of a rogue nation or terrorist group getting and using a nuclear weapon

9. The Military Dimension of National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Conventional war
U.S. capability: two simultaneous medium-sized wars
Highly advanced weapons systems
All-volunteer military
2012 restructuring of the military

10. Worldwide Military Spending
552

11. 554 military recruits

12. The Military Dimension of National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Unconventional (guerilla) war
Unconventional attacks and tactics
“Winning their hearts and minds”
U.S. military struggles to adapt
Recent reforms aimed at making the military better able to combat unconventional warfare

13. The Military Dimension of National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Transnational terrorism
U.S. not prepared before 9/11: too few linguists, not enough focus on the threat of terrorism
War on terrorism aimed at groups versus nations
Lack of defined battlefronts

14. The Military Dimension of National Security Policy
The politics of national defense
Public opinion
Generally supportive
Wanes if military conflict extends for long period
The military-industrial complex

15. The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy
Three world economic centers
United States, Europe, Pacific Rim
Promoting global trade
Marshall Plan
Multinational corporations
Economic globalization
Free trade and protectionism
Trade imbalance and China

16. 560 fig 17.1

17. 564 fig 17.2

18. The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy
Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources
Middle East and the Gulf War
Assisting developing nations
IMF and World Bank
Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S.
Stabilizing the global economy

19. 569 fig 17.3

20. 568 Cuts in aid to needy and defense