1. Metal and Non-Metal Oxides or Anhydrides
BASIC ANHYDRIDE An oxygen-containing compound that reacts with water producing a basic solution.
Metal Oxides = Metal+Oxygen when added to water produce BASIC solutions.
Na2O(s)2Na+(aq)+O2-(aq)
O2-+H2O2OH-
Completing the balancing: Na2O(s)+H2O2NaOH

2. Nonmetal Oxides
ACIDIC ANHYDRIDE-An oxygen-containing compound that reacts with water producing an acidic solution.
NONMETAL OXIDES=NONMETAL + OXYGEN when added to water produce ACIDIC solutions.

3. The nonmetal oxides you should know are the SOX, COX and NOX.
ACID RAIN
Caused by SOX, COX & NOX
The nonmetal oxides you should know are the SOX, COX and NOX.

4. SOX from coal and oil burning COX from fossil fuels, etc.
NOX from combustion reactions such as in an automobile cause some N2 to react with O2 in the air.
N2 + O22NO 2NO+O22NO2
N2 + 2O22NO2 2NO2+H2OHNO2+HNO3
SOX from coal and oil burning
S + O2 SO2 SO2 +H2OH2SO3
2SO2 +O22SO3 SO3 + H2OH2SO4
COX from fossil fuels, etc.
CO2 + 2H2OH3O+ + HCO3-

5. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

6. Use Of Prefixes
In Organic Chemistry, you will only be using the prefixes for one to ten. All prefixes have the ending of “yl” but is removed for specific families/groups. Details later.
1 – meth hex
2 – eth hept
3 – prop oct
4 – but non
5 – pent dec

7. CnH2n+2 Saturated (all single bonds) Ending = ANE
Alkanes
CnH2n+2
Saturated (all single bonds)
Ending = ANE

8. Chemical Formula Structural Condensed Name
CH Methane
C2H CH3- CH3 Ethane

9. Alkenes CnH2n Double Bond between at least 2 carbons in the chain.
When naming keep the double bond number as small as possible
Ending = ENE
CnH2n

10. Rules for naming alkenes from structures
a.  Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing the double bond.
b.  This becomes the "root" name, with side chains named alphabetically by position and length.
c.  Number the "root" chain  from the end that gives the double bond the lowest number.
d.  The lowest numbered C attached to the double bond is given in the "root" name                                 

11. Rules for drawing chains
a. Draw the structural formula for the "root" name, placing the double bond at the proper location.
b.  Add the side chains at the appropriate "root" carbon number.
c.  Fill in the hydrogens so that every carbon has four bonds except the two where the double bond is located.
d.  Example 1:    4,7-dimethyl-2-octene.  

12. 4,7-dimethyl-2-octene | | C C
You know the basic structure from the root name “Octene” (Octene = 8 carbons in the chain, number from right end.)
The 4,7 indicate that there is a methyl groud (single carbon group) attached to the 4th and the 7th carbon
C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C
   |           |      C         C

13. Try this one
  C-C  a        C-C  b 
    |                |          
c  C-C-C-C-C-C-C=C  d 
    |  
C-C-C  e  

14. Chemical Formula Structural Condensed Name
C2H CH2=CH2 Ethene
C3H CH2=CH-CH3 Propene
C4H CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 1-Butene
C4H CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-Butene

15. Naming Organic Compounds containing more than Carbon and Hydrogen
Write the structural formula for
1,1,1-trichloroethane
This is a two carbon chain (eth) with no double bonds (ane). There are three chlorine atoms all on the first carbon atom.
CH3–CCl3

16. More than 1 double bond
1,2 Propadiene
1,3 Butadiene

17. Try the following: 1. 2- pentene 2. 3-methyl-1-butene
3. 3,3-dimethyl-1- pentene
4. 1-chloro-2-iodo-5,6-dimethyl-
2,3,4-heptatriene

18. Alkynes CnH2n-2 Triple Bond between at least 2 carbons in the chain.
When naming keep the triple bond number as small as possible
Ending = YNE
CnH2n-2

19. Chemical Formula Structural Condensed Name
C2H CH=CH Ethyne
C3H CH=C-CH3 Propyne
C4H CH=CH-CH2-CH3 1-Butyne
C4H CH3-C=C-CH3 2-Butyne

20. Try these ones!! 1. 3-methyl-1- butyne
2. 3-methyl-4-ethyl-5,7-nonadiyne
3. 7-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-decadiyne

21. An Alcohol is an organic compound containing an OH group.
!!!!!Alcohols!!!!!
An Alcohol is an organic compound containing an OH group.

22. Rules for naming Alcohols
Number the hydrocarbon chain to give the LOWEST possible number to the OH group.
Place the number IMMEDAITELY before the name of the parent hydrocarbon, separated by a dash.
Alkyl groups (and their numbers) are placed IN FRONT of the number for the OH.
Indicate the presence of an OH by changing the “e” ending from the hydrocarbon chain to “ol.”

23. Carboxcylic acids O R – C – OH O H – C – OH O
CH3 – C – OH ethanoic acid
R – C – OH O O OR
CH – OH methanoic acid
H – C – OH

24. What have you noticed???? All organic compounds contain CARBON
2. All organic compounds contain HYDROGEN
They can contain other elements.
They tend not to have a charge
5. Below are 3 ways Organic Compounds are often drawn.
Ball and Stick Model
Structual Formula
Space-filling Model