1. I. DNA Replication http://ncc.gmu.edu/dna/repanim.htm
Hydrogen bonds break
(DNA polymerase)
Free nucleotides pair w/ complementary base pairs
2 strands of identical DNA 5.

2. II. Mutations A change in the genetic code
Mutagen: substance that causes a mutation
3 Types:
DNA
Chromosome
Non-DisJunction

3. 1. DNA Mutation
A. Point Mutation: change in a single base pair
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DOG BIT THE CAR

4. B. Frameshift Mutation:
1. Single base is added or deleted
2. All other bases shift one spot
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DGB ITT HEC AT? or
THE DOR GBI TTH ECA

5. 2. Chromosome Mutations:
a. Change in the chromosome
b. Chromosome:
5 – 10 % DNA
90 – 95% protein

6. c. 3 types:
1. Deletion: portion missing
2. Inversion: portion inverted on chromosome
3. Translocation: portion moves to the other homologous chrom.

7. 3. Non-Disjunction:
a. Failure of chrom to separate properly during meiosis
b. Incorrect number of chrom in egg/sperm
c. Examples:
Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome)

8. http://images. google. com/images