1. CHAPTER 12
Review

2. Question?
What are the nitrogen bases found in DNA?

3. Answer:
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

4. Question?
What nitrogen base is found in RNA that is not found in DNA?

5. Answer:
Uracil

6. Question?
List the three types of RNA.

7. Answer:
Ribosomal, transfer, and messenger

8. Fill-in-the-Blank
__________________ is creating a complimentary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.

9. Answer:
Transcription

10. Fill-in-the-Blank
__________________ is when the cell uses the information from RNA to produce proteins.

11. Answer:
Translation

12. Question?
What are Mutations?

13. Changes in genetic material
Answer:
Changes in genetic material

14. Question?
Genes contain instructions for assembling ______?

15. Answer:
proteins

16. Question? Draw the structure of DNA
Clearly label the sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases

17. Answer:

18. What is a mutation involving one or a few nucleotides?
Question?
What is a mutation involving one or a few nucleotides?

19. Answer:
A Point Mutation

20. Question?
What is a mutation involving changes in the number or structure of chromosomes?

21. Answer:
Chromosomal Mutation

22. Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below?
A B C D E F → A C D E F

23. Answer:
Deletion:
A B C D E F →A C D E F

24. Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below?
A B C D E F → A B C J K L
G H I J K L→ G H I D E F

25. Translocation: A B C D E F → A B C J K L Answer:
G H I J K L→ G H I D E F

26. Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below?
A B C D E F →A E D C B F

27. Answer:
Inversion:
A B C D E F →A E D C B F

28. Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below?
A B C D E F → A B B C D E F

29. Answer:
Duplication:
A B C D E F → A B B C D E F

30. QUESTION?
What is a mutation that occurs when a nucleotide is added or deleted so the codon groupings are shifted for every group that follows the mutation?

31. Answer:
Frameshift Mutation

32. Question?
What Is An Expressed Gene?

33. Answer:
A Gene That is Transcribed into RNA.

34. Question?
Why is gene regulation so important in eukaryotes?

35. Answer:
It allows for cell specialization.

36. Question?
In a eukaryotic cell, where is DNA located?

37. Answer:
Nucleus

38. Question?
What sugar does RNA contain?

39. Answer:
ribose

40. Question?
What process results in one original strand of DNA and one new strand??

41. Answer:
Replication

42. Question? What nitrogen bases are found in RNA?
What nitrogen bases are found in DNA?

43. Answer: RNA: cytosine, guanine, adenine, & uracil
DNA: cytosine, guanine, adenine, & thymine

44. Question?
Genes carry instructions for making __________.

45. Answer:
Proteins

46. Question?
What is made during the process of transcription?

47. Answer:
RNA

48. Question?
How many nucleotides are needed to make 1 codon?

49. Answer: 3

50. Question?
What happens if a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell?

51. Answer:
The gene for that protein is turned on & off at different times.

52. Question?
Watson & Crick developed a widely accepted model of DNA. What was its shape/design called?

53. Answer:
Double helix

54. Question?
What 2 processes must happen before two strands of DNA can separate for replication?

55. Answer:
Hydrogen bonds must break
Molecule must unwind

56. Question?
What is this structure?
What is its function?

57. Answer:
tRNA
It carries amino acids to the ribosomes

58. Question?
What determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA?

59. Answer:
Anticodon