1. Chemistry – What is it?

2. Chemistry – the branch of science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter.

3. Mixture – a substance containing two or more materials with different properties.
Examples, trail mix, granola, nuts and bolts, peanut butter and jelly.

4. Solution – A special mixture formed when one or more materials (solute) dissolves into another (solvent). Solutions are clear (can be colored though) and liquid.
Examples: salt and water, sugar and water, lemonade.

5. Solute – A substance (such as salt, citric acid, sugar) that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. (hint: Unusual, can be many things)

6. Solvent – A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
Solvent – A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. The most common one is water
Memory trick: (u, v, w – w follows v in the alphabet – solVent has a v as the first unique letter, and Water is the most common solvent.)

7. Saturated solution – A solution in which as much solute as possible has been dissolved.
Soluble – capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water.
Dissolving – The process of a material becoming incorporated uniformly into another, or of two materials mixing together evenly.

8. Solution – a combination of a solvent (usually a liquid) and a solute (usually a crystal).
Volume – The amount of 3D space a material takes up (in the case of a liquid, it is measured in ml).

9. Element- A substance that cannot be broken down by simple chemical and physical processes. – example gold, copper, silver
Atoms – the smallest particle of an element.
Example the smallest piece of my ring is a gold atom.

10. Proton – a positively charged particle of an atom located in the nucleus.
Neutron – a neutrally charged particle of an atom located in the nucleus.
Electron- a negatively charged particle of an atom which orbits around the nucleus.

11. Compound – A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
Example: CO2 (carbon dioxide), and H2O water.
Molecule – One single compound particle is called a molecule.
Example: I have one carbon dioxide or one water molecule.

12. Element
Compound
Atom
molecule

13. The periodic table
Is called the periodic table because the characteristics (or properties) of an element are found in other elements periodically.
It is organized from lower atomic weight elements to higher weight elements (with a few exceptions.)

14. Groups of elements have similar characteristics (there are 18 groups) and are shown in a vertical column on the table.
Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic table. There are 7 periods.

15. “Soft-Drink” Demo/Investigation
How much powder should we mix with 1000ml of water to make a good tasting drink?
I will mix and you write observations on your “recipe” sheet.
Pitcher 1 will contain - 1 spoon of powder in 1000ml of water.
Pitcher 2 will contain – 3 spoons of powder in 1000ml of water.

16. Q&A 1. Is the soft drink a mixture? 2. Is the soft drink a solution?
3. How could you test to determine if it is all in solution?
4. Is the soft drink saturated?

17. If we went past the point of saturation - for Kool-aid, how would we know?
Fun time, label one cup A-1 and one cup B-2.
(Have a clear sample vial of each solution.) Students observe sample vial and get a sample of their own.

18. Let the taste testing begin
Let the taste testing begin! Record observations on sheet include – taste, color, ingredients, concentrated and dilute.
Which solution tasted sweeter and more flavorful?
Which solution is more concentrated?
Which solution is more dilute?

19. Vocab words
Concentration – The relative amount of a material (solute) dissolved in a given amount of liquid (solvent).
For example: The more material dissolved in a given amount of liquid, the more concentrated the solution is.

20. Concentrated – more intense or stronger (it has more of the solute in it).
Diluted – to have reduced strength. One usually dilutes something by adding more liquid such as water. (has more solvent in it)

21. We will make 2 more “soft-drinks” only this time we will keep the amount of powder the same, and vary the amount of water.
Pitcher A gets 1000ml of water – 2 spoons of powder
Pitcher B gets 500ml of water – 2 spoons of powder.

22. Predict right now on your sheet which will be more concentrated A or B (circle your prediction)
Again make two vials for observation (one of each).
Taste test!

23. 2 solutions have the SAME concentration ONLY if they have the SAME amount of material dissolved in (Equal or unequal? Amounts of liquid)
Write your recommended recipe for the best soft drink using 1000ml of water.
Package suggests 3 spoons/1000ml.
5. Record the amount you would use for 500ml?

24. Insoluble – not capable of dissolving in a solution
Insoluble – not capable of dissolving in a solution. (example – chalk is insoluble in water)
Property – a quality or characteristic (trait) of something. (solubility)
Chemical Reaction – The process in which two or more substances (molecules or elements) combine to make one or more new substances (molecules or elements) that have new properties.

25. Precipitate – a solid that can form when a chemical reaction occurs
Precipitate – a solid that can form when a chemical reaction occurs. (it is insoluble)
Reactants – the elements or compounds that go into a chemical reaction (they are found on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation)
2 NaHCO3 + CaCl2 ===> CaCO3 + CO2 + 2 NaCl + H2O
reactants products

26. Products – The compounds or elements formed when a chemical reaction takes place.
2 NaHCO3 + CaCl2 ===> CaCO3 + CO2 + 2 NaCl + H2O
reactants products
Bond – the interaction between electrons that holds two atoms together.

27. Possible signs a chemical reaction is taking place or has occurred.
Temperature change (either hotter or colder)
Color change
Fizz or bubbles gas is being released
Precipitate forming
Flame or “explosion”
Odor being produced
rusting

28. Concentration – the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent (usually 1 ml).
For example if I add 5 grams (5g) of salt to 5 milliliters (5ml) of water – the concentration of my solution is 1g/1ml.
Density – mass/volume more dense= sink, less dense= float
Atoms taken apart, put back together (different form)
Cup 2 saluble
Cacl2+H20HCL+CAD

29. DENSITY is a physical property of matter, as each element and compound has a unique density associated with it. Density defined in a qualitative manner as the measure of the relative "heaviness" of objects with a constant volume.
For example: A rock is obviously more dense than a crumpled piece of paper of the same size. A styrofoam cup is less dense than a ceramic cup.

30. Density may also refer to how closely "packed" or "crowded" the material appears to be - again refer to the styrofoam vs. ceramic cup.
Density Comparison to Water: In chemistry, the density of many substances is compared to the density of water. Does an object float on water or sink in the water? If an object such as a piece of wood floats on water it is less dense than water vs. if a rock sinks, it is more dense than water.