1. Dr. Bill Vicars ASL Linguistics

2. A bit of review…

3. Adding a movement segment between signs is:

4. Movement Epenthesis

5. What is an example of Movement Epenthesis?

6. Example: The meaningless movement that is inserted between FATHER and STUDY when signing those two words.

7. Shortening the holds when two signs occur in sequence:

8. HOLD REDUCTION

9. What is an example of HOLD REDUCTION?

10. Hold reduction happens any time a sign normally has a hold but you get rid of it because you are stringing words together. What are some examples?

11. Hold reduction examples: WHY NOT vs “WHY-NOT?” GOOD IDEA vs “GOOD-IDEA!”

12. Segments of some signs can change places. What is that called?

13. Metathesis

14. What is an example of Metathesis?

15. Metathesis examples: DEAF RESTAURANT HONEYMOON

16. What is the big word for: “A segment takes on the characteristics of a nearby segment” ?

17. Assimilation

18. Examples of assimilation?

19. Example of assimilation: I KNOW (using a bent hand)

20. The passive hand is dropped in a formerly 2-handed sign:

21. Weak Hand Deletion

22. Example?

23. DEER COW CAT

24. Quick Review: What is phonology?

25. Phonology is a study of the smallest contrastive units of a language.

26. What two types of segments are signs segmented into?

27. Signs are segmented into holds and movements.

28. During the hold portion of a sign what parameters does that sign have?

29. Handshape Orientation Location Nonmanual

30. During the movement segment of a sign what parameters does that sign have?

31. Handshape Orientation Location (!) Nonmanual

32. LOUSY AWKWARD PREACH

33. 3-MONTH 3-DOLLARS 9-WEEKS

34. [49]

35. What is morphology?

36. Morphology is the study of the smallest MEANINGFUL units of language and how those units are used to build new words (or signs).

37. [51]

38. [51]

40. [53]

41. [53]

42. [55]

43. [57]

44. What does it mean when we refer to a rule as a “morphological rule”? …

45. Calling a “rule” a “morphological rule” means that it is a description of a process that takes place at the morphological level of language. Morphological rules are the category we stick processes in when those processes involve creating or changing meaning.

46. Calling a “rule” a “phonological rule” means that it is a description of a process that takes place at the phonological level of language. Phonolological rules are the category we stick processes in when those processes do NOT involve creating or changing meaning.

47. The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are morphological rules.

48. [57] “GOOD” and “NIGHT”

49. [58] “GOOD-NIGHT”

50. [58]

51. [59] Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are phonological rules.

52. [59]

53. [60] English: GREEN-HOUSE (Does that mean a house that is green?)

54. Compounds create new meanings. Example: THINK-MARRIAGE

55. “BELIEVE”

56. Review Activity

57. In considering phonology and morphology, which of the following signs doesn’t fit with the other on the list? [p49] a. LOUSY b. AWKWARD c. THREE-DOLLARS (In this sign, the three handshape functions as a morpheme] d. PREACH

58. THREE-DOLLARS (In this sign, the three handshape functions as a morpheme]

59. In English, adding “er” to the term “walk” to create “walker” is an example of: [p52] a. creating a process morpheme b. using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb c. adding a free morpheme to create a process d. a compound word

60. In English, adding “er” to the term “walk” to create “walker” is an example of: [p52] * using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb

61. In English, emphasizing or “stressing” the first syllable of the word subject instead of the second syllable, is an example of: [p52] a. using a process morpheme to create a noun from a verb b. using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb c. adding a free morpheme to create a process d. a compound word

62. In English, emphasizing or “stressing” the first syllable of the word subject instead of the second syllable, is an example of: [p52] * using a process morpheme to create a noun from a verb

63. What types of signs differ in their movement but share the same handshape, location, and orientation? [p52] a. compound pairs b. noun-verb pairs c. form morphemes d. cheremes

64. What types of signs differ in their movement but share the same handshape, location, and orientation? [p52] * noun-verb pairs

65. The process of repetition is called: [p54] a. affixation b
The process of repetition is called: [p54] a. affixation b. compounding c. lexicalization d. reduplication

66. The process of repetition is called: [p54] * reduplication

67. The process of adding bound morphemes to other forms to create new units is called: [p54] a. affixation b. compounding c. lexicalization d. attachment

68. The process of adding bound morphemes to other forms to create new units is called: [p54] * affixation

69. The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54] a. form morpheme b. process morpheme c. lexicalized sign d. reduplicated sign

70. The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54]
The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54] * form morpheme

71. Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] a
Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] a. creation of a form morpheme b. creation of a process morpheme c. lexicalized signs d. compounding

72. Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54]
Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] * creation of a process morpheme

73. The creation of a new word by combining two free morphemes is called: [p56] a. noun-verb pairing b. affixation c. incorporation d. compounding

74. The creation of a new word by combining two free morphemes is called: [p56] * compounding

75. The first contact rule applies to: [p57] a. nonmanual markers b
The first contact rule applies to: [p57] a. nonmanual markers b. compounds c. determiners d. the weak hand

76. The first contact rule applies to: [p57] * b. compounds

77. When compounds are made in ASL, internal movement or the repetition of movement is eliminated. This principle is called: [p58] a. topicalization b. reciprocity c. The single sequence rule d. segmenting

78. When compounds are made in ASL, internal movement or the repetition of movement is eliminated. This principle is called: [p58] * The single sequence rule

79. When a right handed signer signs the concept “BELIEVE,” (which is made up from the signs “THINK” and “MARRY”) his left hand is formed into a “C” handshape while the right hand is signing “THINK.” This is an example of: [p58] a. weak hand anticipation rule b. reciprocity c. The simple sequence rule d. prediction rule

80. When a right handed signer signs the concept “BELIEVE,” (which is made up from the signs “THINK” and “MARRY”) his left hand is formed into a “C” handshape while the right hand is signing “THINK.” This is an example of: [p58] * weak hand anticipation rule

81. Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are what kind of rules? [p59] a. Morphological rules b. Phonological rules c. Syntactic rules d. Pragmatic rules

82. Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are what kind of rules? [p59] * Phonological rules

83. The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are what kind of rules [p57] a. morphological rules b. phonological rules c. syntactic rules d. pragmatic rules

84. The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are what kind of rules [p57] * morphological rules

85. In the compound sign THINK-SAME, a movement segment is added between the final hold of THINK and the first movement of SAME. This is an example of: [p59] a. the simple sequence rule b. assimilation c. movement epenthesis d. weak hand anticipation

86. In the compound sign THINK-SAME, a movement segment is added between the final hold of THINK and the first movement of SAME. This is an example of: [p59] * movement epenthesis

87. When two signs are compounded, the noncontact holds between movements are eliminated. This principle is: [p41 & p59] a. the simple sequence rule b. assimilation c. hold deletion d. movement epenthesis

88. When two signs are compounded, the noncontact holds between movements are eliminated. This principle is: [p41 & p59] * hold deletion

89. If I do the sign BELIEVE, and at the beginning of the sign my right hand forms on somewhat of a “C” handshape (rather than the typical “1” handshape) what is taking place? [p59] a. assimilation b. sloppy signing c. accommodation d. contamination

90. If I do the sign BELIEVE, and at the beginning of the sign my right hand forms on somewhat of a “C” handshape (rather than the typical “1” handshape) what is taking place? [p59] * assimilation

91. LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] a
LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] a. "believe" b. "remember" c. "far sighted" d. "resemble"

92. LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59]
LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] * "resemble"

93. What is the study of the smallest contrastive parts of language that do not have independent meaning? [p49] a. phonology b. morphology c. dactylology d. lexicostatistics

94. What is the study of the smallest contrastive parts of language that do not have independent meaning? [p49] * phonology