1. As you walk in, please answer the following questions
How does the CBRs and CDRs compare to countries in Stage 2 of the DTM to countries in Stage 4 of the DTM?
What are the reasons for the differences between these 2 stages?
In the epidemiological transition, what are the reasons for Stage 4 – delayed degenerative diseases
How has increased connections led to the introduction of infectious diseases in Stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

2. Population Policies What types of population policies exist ?
What types of population policies exist ?

3. Pro-natalist or Expansive

4. Anti-natalist or Restrictive

5. Maintenance or Stability

6. 2016 36 countries have pro-natalist policies
66 countries have anti-natalist policies
34 countries have maintenance policies

7. Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?

8. *Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?
replaces those lost in war and civil unrest
build up the military
replace retiring folks in the workforce
support the increasing number of seniors
occupy parts of a country that are virtually empty
help develop the resources of a state
lead to economic growth
increase majority/minority percentages
gain more influence internationally

9. Examples: of Pro-natalist Policies Past and Present

10. U.S.S.R. - pro-natalist Starting on July 8, 1944 the government of the
U.S.S.R. began awarding medals to women in order
to encourage a high fertility rate.

11. Why did the government believe there was a need for a pro-natalist policy at this time ?

12. 3 main categories of medals were presented
Motherhood Medals
Order of the Glory of Motherhood or
Order of Maternal Glory
Order of Mother Heroine

13. Motherhood Medals 5 children 8,000,000 awarded 2nd Class 1st Class

14. Order of Maternal Glory
3rd Class
2nd Class
1st Class
7 children - 2,000,000 awarded
8 children - 1,000,000 awarded
9 children - 500,000 awarded

15. Order Mother Heroine
10 children ,000 awarded

16. Germany Cross of Honor of the German Mother 1938 - 1944

17. Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5
Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5
Silver 2nd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 6, 7
Gold 1st Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 8 or more
Diamond – 14 or more ?

18. German Mother’s Cross 14 children ? 17 diamonds

19. Former Soviet Union
Birthrates in Russia plummeted after 1991 collapse of USSR
1980 TFR now 1.34
PM Vladimir Putin called demographic crisis Russia’s greatest current problem
Russian government offers cash subsidies of $10,000 to women who give birth to 2nd or 3rd child
A 3rd child means wealth will
be tripled in the third millennium.

20. Russia
Government of Ulyanovsk Province – made Sept. 12 – National Conception Day (Procreation day)- offers people afternoon off to participate
Planned to award a free car to proud parents of one of the kids born 9 months later on June 12 (Russian National Day)
On June 12 – 87 kids born – 4 times the national average

21. Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia - (Conception Day)
Grand Prize winners of “Give Birth to a Patriot on
Russia’s Independence Day” Contest

22. Japan
Princesses Masako
& Aiko

23. Japan Government Incentives improved parental leave (1 yr. @ 66.7%)
local govn’ts (rural) cash bonuses
monthly allowance (~ 300/child)
New Angel Plan (more available daycare & less working hours)
free pre-natal care and deliveries
Companies are urged to have family-friendly packages
monthly payments (Matsushita)
shorter hours (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone)
fertility treatments paid for (Canon)
$400 (1st) - $40,000 (5th) (Softbank)
$1000 – 1st, $2000 – 2nd, $20,300 for 3rd + (Koei Tecmo )

24. Stop the birth rate decline bra, babies support old people
Stop the birth rate decline bra,
babies support old people

25. Singapore – Anti-Natalist, then Pro-Natalist
In the 1960s – government campaign to stop at 2 – Women without a degree, deemed low-income and lowly educated, were offered by the government seven days' paid sick leave and cash incentives to voluntarily undergo the sterilization procedure,
Disincentives were also given – raise cost of 3rd child, income deductions for only the 1st two children,etc

26. Social Development Unit 1984(started)
2006(changed)
to improve the social networking between busy working individuals
organize activities for its members
“The Chemistry Guide: When Boy Meets Girl”, '' focusing on the overworked, the shy, and the "cosmetically challenged."
The guide reminds hopeful singles that "Skin-care products are must-have investments" and "There's no bigger turnoff than a foul mouth, reeking with leftovers from lunch!"

27. Pro-Natalist Policies

28. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ?

29. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ?
cannot afford to provide for them
overpopulation concerns - limited available resources
local, national, international SCALE
allow more women in the workforce and boost economy
repress a group of people
separate policy for certain groups or
different applications of the policy

30. China 2 different programs in recent years
Later, Longer, Fewer Policy
One Child Policy
Maintenance Policy (2) ?

31. One Child Policy 1979 - rewards start once 1 child contract is signed
free medical care
free daycare and schooling
guaranteed job for child
bonuses for parents
extra maternity leave
better housing
bigger old age pension
Penalties
must repay financial benefits
educational, medical benefits, & guaranteed jobs are withdrawn
parents’ wages reduced

32. Why are improved old age pensions
such an important part of the policy ?
How did the government persuade its
citizens to cooperate ?

33. 80,000 Family Planning Workers
source:
Practice birth control for the revolution

34. source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

35. source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

36. Part of Education Program
Part of Education Program

37. The Science of Family Planning
source:

38. Millions of dollars have been spent on education and on advertsing.

41. Carry out family planning Implement the basic national policy
Carry out family planning
Implement the basic national policy

42. Clever and pretty healthy and lovely
source:

45. Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development
Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development

47. In the majority of the posters, is the
1 child male or female ?
In addition to showing a happy child and
parent(s), what other idea is often linked
with the single child.

48. Why do the posters often suggest an
association between economic prosperity
and happy 1 child families ?

49. Why do you believe that most
posters show a girl rather than a boy ?

50. Little emperors
Any social problems ?

51. How many missing girls are there in the under 20 categories ?

52. In recent years China has relaxed the
rules, and now have
started encouraging two children.
In many cases, parents are not taking
advantage of this opportunity.
Why ?

53. Iran: - Anti-natalist or pro-natalist ?

54. 1967 – first anti-natalist policy
1979 – pro-natalist
1988 – anti-natalist
2006 – pro-natalist ?

55. 1967 start of family planning accelerating economic growth
slow rapid growth (2.75%)

56. 1979 start of Islamic Revolution
family planning program western influence
promotion of contraception
by health officials banned
procreation to bolster the ranks of “soldiers for Islam” (8 year war with Iraq)
Ayatollah Khomeini

57. Khomeini’s pro-natalist policy resulted in a growth rate of 3.2 %
Total fertility rate
rose to 7

58. 1988 Khomeini reconsidered his stance due to: faltering economy
severe unemployment
overcrowded & polluted cities

59. 1988 – 2001
national family planning program was revived
encouraged women to wait 3 – 4 years
between children
discouraged childbearing for those < 18
and > 35
limit family size to 3 children

60. government controlled media promoted family planning
restricted maternity leave after 3 children
family planning & mother / infant health care information incorporated into school curriculum
government controlled media promoted family planning

61. all couples take a class on modern contraception before marriage
religious leaders supported the govt plan (fatwas permitted & encouraged the use of all types of contraception including male and female sterilization)
all couples take a class on modern contraception before marriage
govt. sanctioned condom factory

62. investment in literacy (between 1970 & 2001) males (48% – 84%)
free birth control and sterilization
investment in literacy (between 1970 & 2001)
males (48% – 84%)
females (25% - 70%)**
Total fertility rate dropped < 3
(expected to be 2 by 2010)

64. reduction in working hours for women to allow
2006
Pro-Natalist:
reduction in working hours for women to allow
for more child bearing & rearing
“I am against saying that two children are enough. Our country has a lot of capacity. It has the capacity for many children to grow in it. It even has the capacity for 120 million people. Westerners have got problems. Because their population growth is negative, they are worried and fear that if our population increases, we will triumph over them.” Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

65. Nepal

66. Bolivia

67. Ethiopia

68. Indonesia

69. Vietnam
2 children is enough

70. Vietnam

71. Vietnam

72. India Wait until the 1st child is 3 before having your 2nd

73. Egypt

74. United States

75. India s extremists want anti- Muslim family planning measure Ummah News ^ | June 14 2002
India's Hindu extremist party, the VHP, has asked the government to enforce family planning measures on the Muslim population, saying its rapid increase is "detrimental" to Hindus in the country

76. https://www. newsdeeply