1. a multicultural challenge
Multiple lens and work modeling in complex projects:
a multicultural challenge
January 2, 2019
Americo Cunha, PhD

2. What does a dog sound like?
In Australia, Brazil, Japan, Korea, France, Italy

4. Now, they want me talking several languages….

8. Common Base of KnowledgePM

10. Ideas
Models
Reality

11. The act of PROJECT modelling
The model user (or team) interprets the model to execute the project
Work to be modelled
Project Management tools
Environment to be changed
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
The modeller
The model user
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
Project
Model
Project Manager
Stakeholders
Executors
The modeller (or team) select, sort the key information and represent the reality by models (graphical representation)
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

12. The act of PROJECT modelling
Work to be modelled
Environment to be changed
Project Manager
Stakeholders
Executors
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
Project
Model
Interpretation
Translation
Analysis
Evaluation
ACTIVITIES
Ambiguity
Misinterpretation
Gap among the model, objectives, and reality
PROBLEMS
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

13. Gap among the model, objectives, and reality
Ideas
Models
Reality
Analysis
Interpretation
Translation
Evaluation
Ambiguity
Misinterpretation
Gap among the model, objectives, and reality

14. Multicultural
Distinct cultures

15. Dimensions and Value Orientations
Hampden-Turner & Trompenaars (Hampden-Turner e Trompenaars 2000)
Hofstede & Hofstede (Hofstede and Hofstede, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind 2004)
GLOBE Project
House, et al. (House, et al. 2004)
Dimensions and Value Orientations
universalism versus particularism
individualism versus communitarianism
specificity versus diffusion
achieved status versus ascribed status
inner direction versus outer direction
sequential time versus synchronous time
large versus small power distance
individualism versus collectivism
masculinity versus femininity
strong versus weak uncertainty avoidance
long-term versus short- term orientation
performance orientation
uncertainty avoidance
humane orientation
institutional collectivism
in-group collectivism
assertiveness
gender egalitarianism
future orientation
power distance

16. sequential time versus synchronous time
Time of arrival

17. Mental Programming
Figure 3: Three Levels of Uniqueness in Mental Programming [Hofstede, G.H. and Hofstede, G.J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. 2nd ed. Publisher New York: McGraw-Hill]

18. 1 2 3 4 5
Communication between two human actors (Falkenberg, E. et al. (1998) A Framework of Information System Concepts: The FRISCO Report. International Federation for Information Processing – IFIP, WG. 8.1)

19. Multicultural Scenarios (1)
Stakeholders
Executors
Work to be modelled
Project Manager
Environment to change
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
Project
Model
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

20. Multicultural Scenarios (2)
Work to be modelled
Project Manager
Stakeholders
Executors
Environment to change
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
Project
Model
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
MULTICULTURAL
ENVIRONMENT
TO BE MODELLED
{globalization}
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

21. Multicultural Scenarios (3)
Project Manager
Stakeholders
Executors
Work to be modelled
Environment to change
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
Project
Model
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
MULTICULTURAL
PROJECT TEAM
{network organization}
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

22. Multicultural Scenarios (4)
Project Manager
Stakeholders
Executors
Work to be modelled
Environment to change
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
Project
Model
Organizations
Problem analysis.
Organization design
Business process and procedures implemented.
Information systems development
Infrastructure
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
People and Organization
Business rules
Business process and procedures.
Information systems.
Other explicit, documented , implicit and tacit information.
many-to-many intercultural interaction
Cunha, A. B., & Canen, A. G. (2008). Requirements gathering in information technology: A cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Professional Communication Conference IPCC 2008, 1-8.

23. Gap among the model, objectives, and reality
Ideas
Models
Reality
Analysis
Interpretation
Translation
Evaluating
Ambiguity
Misinterpretation
Gap among the model, objectives, and reality

24. 1-Interpretation 2-Consistency MODELING DIMENSION QUESTION
Does the cultural background influence project modeling outcomes?
Is there a modeling technique more likely to be influenced by cultural dimensions?
2-Consistency
What kind of error margin is introduced in a project model due to the project manager’s and SME’s cultural traits?
What is the reliability of a model developed in one cultural context and used in another?

25. Conclusion Cross-cultural competences
The development of abilities to detect, understand, and explore the multicultural differences manifested during the project activities. Support positive attitudes and capitalize on the plurality of views in any given global project.

26. a multicultural challenge
Multiple lens and work modeling in complex projects:
a multicultural challenge
January 2, 2019
Americo Cunha, PhD