1. Latin American Revolutions Review Questions

2. What is Latin America?

3. Latin America is a geographic and cultural region located in parts of North and South America where the Romance languages are spoken. (Those derived from Latin – primarily Spanish, Portuguese, and French.)

4. Which two countries colonized the majority of Latin America?

5. Spain and Portugal colonized the majority of Latin America.

8. Describe the social structure of the Latin American colonies.

9. Society in Latin America
Peninsulares =Spanish born in Spain
Creoles= Spanish born in Latin America
Mestizos=European/Indian
Mulattos=European/African
Africans=Most were enslaved
Indians=Free

10. What were the causes of Latin American Revolutions?

11. Causes of Latin American Revolutions…
The influence of the American and French Revolutions
Inequality in Latin America
Enlightenment Ideas (Freedom and Equality)
Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and Portugal

12. Describe the first successful revolution in Latin America.

13. Haitian Revolution 1801-1804 French colony used for producing sugar
Located on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea
Population - 500,000 enslaved Africans
1791 – Priest Boukman called for revolt
Toussaint L’ouverture important general
Jean Jacques Dessalines declares independence in 1804
Haiti is the first Black colony to free itself from European control

15. Toussaint L’ouverture

16. Who were two important people that led revolutions in the Spanish American colonies?

17. Simon Bolivar

18. Jose de San Martin

19. Who were some important leaders in the Mexican fight for independence?

20. Padre Miguel Hidalgo called for a revolt on Sept. 16, 1810
Padre Miguel Hidalgo called for a revolt on Sept.16, (Now celebrated as Mexico’s Independence Day)

21. Jose Maria Morelos (also a priest) takes the lead after Hidalgo is killed.

22. Agustin Iturbide, a creole, takes the lead when a liberal government in Spain threatens to end creole privileges in the Spanish colonies.

23. How was Mexico’s fight for inedendence different from the other revolutions in Latin America?

24. Mexico’s revolution was led by mestizos and Indians instead of the creoles.

25. How was Brazil’s revolution different from the other countries in Latin America?

26. Brazil’ revolution was bloodless
Brazil’ revolution was bloodless. Brazilians signed a petition to have Dom Pedro, (King John’s son) become their king/emperor.

27. What were some of the results of the Latin American Revolutions?

28. Results of Independence
Increased poverty
Trade and cities disrupted by warfare
Some countries break up into smaller countries (Gran Colombia breaks up and becomes Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; United Provinces of Central America also breaks up into El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras.)