1. Enlightenment

2. An intellectual movement in the 18th century that stressed the power of individuals to solve problems

3. Enlightenment

4. A social gathering for intellectuals and artists, often hosted by wealthy Parisian women

5. Salon

6. The document in which American colonists asserted their right to free themselves from British rule

7. Declaration of Independence

8. He proposed that all people are born free and equal, with three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. He believed that the natural rights of humans are best protected in representative governments. He wrote that the power of government should be limited by the will of the people.

9. John Locke

10. A French Philosopher (1694-1778) and satirist who fought for tolerance, reason, and liberty

11. Voltaire

12. A French writer who studied political liberty and developed the idea of separation of powers within government in order to prevent absolute monarchs like Louis XVI from seizing control of an entire nation of people.

13. Montesquieu

14. A French essayist who believed the only good government was a direct democracy. He wrote the Social Contract

15. Rousseau

16. The agreement in which people give their rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order

17. Social Contract

18. The first ten amendments to the U. S
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, listing the citizens’ rights and freedoms

19. Bill of Rights

20. A style of art characterized by grand, ornate design that dominated European art in the 1600s and 1700s

21. Baroque

22. 145. Who wrote the Social Contract?
Voltaire
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Montesquieu

23. ______ In the Leviathan, he described his beliefs that absolutism was the best form of government.  
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke

24. ______ 147. Developed the idea of separation of powers.
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke

25. 148. Which of the following statements would most likely have been made by Voltaire?
“The King needs absolute power.”
“People must be free to speak their minds.”
“We should do away with the death penalty.”
“The government protects people’s natural rights.”

26. ______ 149. His two important ideas were freedom of speech and religion.
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke

27. 150. The Enlightenment did all of the following EXCEPT:
Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world.
Returned all monarchies to divine right.
Stimulated religious tolerance.
Fueled democratic revolutions around the world.

28. 151. In what way was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution?
Both focused on government and society.
Both highly valued reason and observation.
Both denied the existence of God.
Both emphasized the rights of the individual.

29. # The buzz of the Enlightenment was most intense in the mansions of several wealthy women in Paris. They held regular social gatherings called __________
Salons
Roccocos
Raves
Swares

30. #155 a grand, ornate style
Baroque
Classical
Rococo
impressionist

31. 160. Which of these was greatly influenced BY the Enlightenment?
The Scientific Revolution
The Magna Carta
The idea of Divine Right
The American Revolution

32. # Thomas Jefferson borrowed heavily from this English Enlightenment philosopher when he wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Voltaire
Isaac Newton