1. The Civil War to Reconstruction
Chapter 4

2. Regional Differences Northern Society
Urbanization – people moved from farms to cities
Industrialization – factories in cities offered work for the large populations
Large scale immigration grew the cities and created labor supply

3. Regional Differences Southern Society
More rural based (small population)
Slavery is part of the society (accepted)
Economy is dependent on cash crops
Few immigrants

4. Regional Differences Discussion Question
Can a country run effectively if there is a major law that is legal in one part and illegal in another?
Explain why or why not.

5. Court Cases / Issues
Missouri Compromise – Missouri allowed as a slave state / Maine free state
Slavery not allowed above 36th parallel

6. Court Cases / Issues California applies as a free state in 1849
Angers pro-slavery southern states, as they lose representation in congress
Compromise of 1850 – California allowed as free states
– Fugitive Slaves Act, runaway slaves must be returned to south

7. Court Cases / Issues Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave that sued unsuccessfully for his freedom
The Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott

8. Court Cases / Issues Abolitionists – People who wanted to end slavery
Underground Railroad – escape routes to the north (Canada)
Harriet Tubman led many slaves to freedom

9. Discussion/Writing Question
Court Cases / Issues
Discussion/Writing Question
Did the Civil War have to be fought or could it have been avoided with more compromises by each side?
As a group come up with one 2-3 sentence response to this prompt and a drawing that represents your solution.

10. Court Cases / Issues Bleeding Kansas –
Popular Sovereignty – people vote to have slavery or not in their territory
Fighting erupted in Kansas before the vote, and people were killed
Kansas did not allow slavery

11. Court Cases / Issues
Abraham Lincoln (northerner) is elected President in 1860
Southern slave states secede (break away) and form the Confederate States of America
President Lincoln was committed to keep the country together

12. Court Cases / Issues Confederate States of America (South)
7 States (South Carolina was the first to leave)
Jefferson Davis – President of Confederacy
Richmond, Virginia (Capital City)

13. The Civil War The Advantages North 97% domestic made weapons Clothing
Railroads
Population
Food Production
South
Did not need to attack
Better Soldiers
Mountain Men
Better Generals
Knew the land

14. Fighting and Hospitals
The Civil War
Fighting and Hospitals
Musket Riffles – the typical weapon for both sides
Slow loading but very powerful
Lined up and shot each other

15. Fighting and Hospitals
The Civil War
Fighting and Hospitals
Hospitals were very dangerous
Most soldiers died from disease
Lack of medicine
Postwar drug problem (morphine) for soldiers

16. The Civil War Union (North) Ulysses S. Grant - Head of army
William Sherman
Famous general
Confederate (South)
Robert E. Lee
Head of army
Thomas Jackson
Famous general

17. The Civil War Famous Battles
Battle at Shiloh – 2 days fighting, over 25,000 men killed
Battle at Antietam – 1 day fighting, 26,000 men killed
Battle at Gettysburg – 3 days fighting, over 51,000 killed or wounded (largest battle)

18. The Civil War African Americans
Initially not allowed in the Union Army
Every black had personal stake in ending slavery
President Lincoln decides to allow blacks to volunteer in the Union Army

19. The Civil War African Americans
Emancipation Proclamation (1863) – Lincoln’s speech frees slaves in Union held territories
Symbolic because it now made the war about ending slavery, not reunification

20. The Civil War African Americans
180,000 African Americans joined the Union Army (54th Regiment)
10% of Union Army were Black, but they were only 1% of the population in the north

21. The Civil War Women Contributions
Union
Women worked as nurses and in factories
Dorthea Dix – head of Union nurses
Clara Barton – founded the Red Cross
Confederate
Worked as nurses
Ran plantations
Some fought as soldiers
Some were spies

22. The Civil War End of War
Sherman’s March – led Union Army from Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean
Destroyed southern land and broke moral of the people
Northern advantages wore down the south
South surrenders at Appomattox, Virginia. (April 3, 1865)

23. The Civil War Stats 4 years of fighting (1861 – 1865)
Over 600,000 Americans died, 2% of total population
War costs $3.3 billion

24. Future? The war left a lot of hatred Are the slaves going to be freed?
Should the South be punished or welcomed back?
What will President Lincoln do?
Gettysburg Address – Lincoln’s famous speech hints that big changes will be made after the war

25. Reconstruction
Reconstruction – the time period after the Civil War (1865 – 1877)
President Lincoln assassination – 5 days after the war ends, Lincoln is shot to death
John Wilkes Booth – southerner who killed Lincoln

26. Reconstruction Andrew Johnson – becomes president after Lincoln
He did not want to punish the south
First President to be impeached, but not voted out by Congress

27. Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks
13th Amendment (1865) – ended slavery in America
14th Amendment (1868) – gave citizenship to former slaves
15th Amendment (1870) – right to vote for all African American men. There was a literacy test, a voting tax, and a grandfather clause that made this amendment hard to pass.

28. Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks
Freedman’s Bureau – government agency to help southern blacks
Informed of voting rights
Financial relief
Insured their rights as citizens
Civil Rights Act of 1875 – outlawed segregation in the south

29. Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks
Carpetbaggers – northerners that helped Reconstruction in the south
Scalawags – southerners that helped Reconstruction
Teachers, businessmen, church goers

30. Reconstruction Southern White Backlash
Sharecropping – former slave owners “rents” out farmland to former slaves
Kept “newly freed” southern blacks working for their former masters

31. Reconstruction Southern White Backlash
Voting Restrictions – ways to keep southern blacks from voting
Poll Tax – pay to votes
Literacy Tests – pass test to vote
Grandfather Clause – any man could vote if their father / grandfather could vote January 1st , 1867

32. Reconstruction Southern White Backlash
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – white power organization
Started in Pulaski, Tennessee (1866)
Used violence and intimidation to keep to southern blacks from gaining equality
Lynching – killing and hanging the body from a tree (accused of raping)