1. China

2. Last 3 Dynasties (Beijing)
Yuan Dynasty ( )
Mongolian
north of China proper
Ming Dynasty ( )
Han Chinese
Qing Dynasty ( )
Manchu
northeast of China proper

3. Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) Mongolian
The Yuan dynasty was the khanate established by Kublai Khan, yet he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty

4. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Ming Government
Chinese attempt to eliminate Mongol cultural influence by emphasizing Chinese traditions
Reestablished Confucian bureaucracy
Revived civil service exams
Reopened imperial academies
Moved capital to Beijing
Built the Forbidden City
Expanded into Central Asia & Manchuria

5. Forbidden City Courtyard

6. The gate to the Forbidden City – Built 1406-1420
Consists of 980 buildings – Home of the emperors, now controlled by the Palace Museum

8. Ming Dynasty

9. Ming Economy New American crops expanded agriculture
Sweet potato, maize, peanuts
Led to rapid population growth
Went from 100 million in 1500 to 225 million by 1750
Population growth aided manufacturing by keeping wages low
Limited need for labor saving devices
Launched expeditions into the Indian Ocean
Zheng He voyages
Limited trade with Europeans to Macao & Canton
“the Silver Sink” or “Silver Drain”

10. China’s Tributary System
Traditional system for managing foreign relations
The ``Central Kingdom” worldview
Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary system
tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa

11. Zheng He’s expeditions

12. Zheng He vs. Columbus

14. Ming and Qing Dynasties

15. Ming Dynasty ( )

16. Ming Society Strengthened traditional Chinese values Filial piety
Extended family system
Emphasized loyalty to family
Females remained subordinate
Footbinding continued
Female infanticide was not uncommon
Widows were discouraged from remarrying & widow suicide was often encouraged
Confucian-based social hierarchy

17. Ming Culture Promoted Neo-Confucianism Emphasized Chinese tradition
Literature
Monkey, the Water Margin, etc.
Pottery
Strengthened the
Great Wall
Encouraged soldiers
to move to frontier
by giving free land

18. Fall of the Ming Dynasty
Internal economic collapse
Flow of silver and Ming tax policies
Disruption of trade
Extravagant lifestyle of the imperial family
Declining efficiency of the government
A series of famines in the early century
Peasant revolts
External invasions
Manchu invaders easily defeated Ming dynasty
Establish the Qing dynasty ( )

19. Mandate of Heaven

20. Qing Dynasty
Manchurian chief united tribes into Manchu and captured Mongolia and Korea
1644 captured Beijing
-adopted Chinese culture
-tried to keep Manchu distinct
-required all Chinese men to wear hair tied in a queue as sign of submission to Manchu

22. Emperor Kangxi (reigned 1661–1722)
The Manchus forced the Russians to abandon their fort at Albazin, located along the Manchurian border on the Amur River.
In 1689 a treaty was concluded with Russia at Nerchinsk demarcating the northern extent of the Manchurian boundary at the Argun River.

23. Yongzheng (reigned 1722–35) Qianlong (reigned 1735–96)
Under the two emperors commerce continued to thrive, handicraft industries prospered, and Roman Catholic missionaries were tolerated and employed as astronomers and artists. In addition, painting, printmaking, and porcelain manufacturing flourished.

24. Emperor & Macartney (1793)

25. Social hierarchy and mobility
scholar-officials, farmers, artisans, and merchants
scholar-official-landlord
learning, political power, and economic wealth
local elite (gentry) and lineage
lack of work ethic
literati’s long gown
foot-binding for women

26. Qing Dynasty ( )
Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion
Manchu and Han Chinese

27. Ming and Qing Emperors