1. Looking at living things
LIFE PROCESSES
Looking at living things

2. Living things
Although all living things look different from each other, they all have seven things in common.
These seven things are called life processes.
Something is only alive if it does all seven processes.

3. THE SEVEN LIFE PROCESSES

4. 1
All living things move

5. Animals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another.
Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil.

6. All living things reproduce2
All living things reproduce

7. Animals have babies.
New plants grow from seeds.

8. All living things are sensitive3
All living things are sensitive

9. All living things respond to changes
All living things respond to changes. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them.
Eg. Plants grow towards the light.
Eg. People react to the temperature around them.

10. All living things need nutrition4
All living things need nutrition

11. Food is used to provide energy.
Green plants make their own food using sunlight.
Animals eat plants or other animals.

12. All living things excrete5
All living things excrete

13. Waste substances must be removed from the body.
Plants and animals both need to get rid of waste gas and water.

14. All living things respire6
All living things respire

15. Plants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.

16. 7
All living things grow

17. Babies grow into adults.
Seedlings grow into plants.

18. The seven life processes
1 Move
2 Reproduce
3 Sensitive
4 Nutrition
5 Excrete
6 Respire
7 Grow

19. Use the first letter from each process to help you remember them.
Move
Reproduce
Sensitive
Nutrition
Excrete
Respire
Grow
They spell MRS NERG

20. This is MRS NERG !
Can you remember what each of the letters in her name stand for ?

21. Introduction to
Homeostasis P

22. What is Homeostasis?
The body’s attempt to maintain “normal” levels within your body
Homeostasis is : The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable
What does the word “feedback” mean?

23. Homeostatic control systems
3 components:
Receptor/Monitor
Control center
Effector/Regulator
Receptor sends a signal to the control center that the normal levels have changed.
The control center then messages the effector which helps restore normal balance.
Monitor
Coordinating centre
Regulator
Normal balance
Change in balance

24. Homeostasis Example: household thermostat

25. Homeostasis Example: household thermostat
Receptor: Thermometer, it detects decrease in temperature
Control center: The thermostat, it switches on the heater
Effector: The heat
This control system is called a negative feedback system

26. Negative feedback
Process by which a mechanism is activated to restore conditions to their original state.

27. Negative Feedback Example: Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation: The maintenance of body temperature within a range that enables cells to function efficiently
Thermoregulation responds to:
Heat Stress
Cold Stress

28. Negative Feedback Example: Thermoregulation
Heat stress
Thermoreceptors detect an increase in body temperature
The brain sent signals to the sweat glands to produce sweat
Evaporation of the sweat off the skin causes cooling

29. Negative Feedback Example: Thermoregulation
Heat Stress
The brain also sends message to blood vessels in the skin causing them to dilate.
Dilation allows for more blood flow to the skin.
Heat from the blood is lost to the skin so blood can return to core of your body & cool the internal organs.

30. Negative Feedback Example: Thermoregulation
Heat Stress
Receptor: thermoreceptors
Control center: the brain
Effector: skin blood vessels dilate and sweat glands start to sweat
Result: body temperature decreases; the brain turns off the cooling system

31. Negative Feedback Example: Thermoregulation
Cold stress
Receptor: Thermoreceptors
Control center: The brain
Effector: Skin blood vessels constrict and skeletal muscles contract
Result: body temperature increases and the brain turns off the regulator