1. Flexible Pavement Design (ARAHAN TEKNIK JALAN 5/85 PINDAAN 2013)
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
PAVEMENT DESIGN:
Flexible Pavement Design
(ARAHAN TEKNIK JALAN 5/85 PINDAAN 2013)

2. INFORMATION NEEDED AS INPUT
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
INFORMATION NEEDED AS INPUT
FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN
Types and volume of commercial vehicles for which the pavement structure is designed
(2) Design life
Sub-grade types and strength
Types and properties of paving materials used
Environment to which the pavement structure will be exposed

3. Single Axle Tandem Axle Tridem Axle Traffic Loading
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Single Axle
Tandem Axle
Tridem Axle
Traffic Loading

4. Load Factor LS = 80kN, 8.16 tonne, 18,000 lb Lorry 9 tonnes
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Load Factor
LS = 80kN, 8.16 tonne, 18,000 lb
Lorry 9 tonnes
Car 1.5 tonne
Bus 18 tonnes
Trailer 26 tonnes

5. / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Climatic / Environmental Effect
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/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
Seepage from highlands
Water ponding
Seepage through shoulder
Seepage through pavement
Water content rises in subgrade
Subgrade looses strength and stability
If subgrade is too weak, pavement will fail

6. PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Based on TWO (2) strains which are critical to pavement performance (Figure 1)
Vertical strain, εz on top of the sub-grade
Horizontal strain, εt at the bottom of the lowest bound pavement course
Remain within acceptable range by providing appropriate types and thickness of materials.

7. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

8. Determination of Design Traffic
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Determination of Design Traffic
Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) – 80 kN
Based on commercial vehicles (CV)
Traffic data include:
Number of CV during Year 1 of Design Period – expected year completion of construction
Vehicles Class and axle load distribution
Directional and lane distribution factors
Tyre characteristics and inflation pressure
Traffic growth factors

9. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Axle configurations and corresponding load equivalent factor (LEF) – Table 1

10. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

11. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

12. Design Procedure – Traffic category
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Design Procedure – Traffic category

13. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

14. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

15. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

16. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

17. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

18. Properties of sub-grade
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Properties of sub-grade

19. Properties of paving materials
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Properties of paving materials

20. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin

21. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Let’s try Example
Yeah!

22. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
ARAHAN TEKNIK JALAN 5/
WORK EXAMPLE
Design a road pavement for a 2-lane highway with an average daily traffic of vehicles, 16% of which are commercial vehicles with an un-laden weight > 1.5 tons.

23. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
WORK EXAMPLE

24. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
WORK EXAMPLE

25. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
WORK EXAMPLE

26. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
WORK EXAMPLE

27. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
WORK EXAMPLE

28. BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr
BFC HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
THANK YOU