1. Proteins

2. Monomer
Amino Acids

3. Amino Acids
20 different Amino Acids

4. The “R – group”
All 20 amino acids have the same basic structure. The part that is different between them is the R group.

5. The Bond
The bond that holds amino acids together is a PEPTIDE bond.

6. Polypeptides
MANY peptide bonds. Polypeptides are the POLYMER of proteins.

7. Protein Structure
4 levels of structure

8. Protein Function
The amino acid sequence determines how it will fold and therefore its shape.
SHAPE DETERMINE FUNCTION!

9. What are those Functions?
Structure
Transport
Communication
Immunity
Catalyse (speed up) reactions through enzymes

10. Structure Actin and myosin in muscles
Microtubules and microfilaments in the cell
Keratin in hair and nails
Collagen in tendons and ligaments

11. Enzymes
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the energy needed to make the reaction “go”.

12. Communication
Hormones (not the sex hormones!) send messages throughout the body.
Insulin (blood sugar), oxytocin (the love hormone) and somatotropin (growth) are examples.

13. Transport
Proteins like hemoglobin carry things throughout the body. Hemoglobin carries oxygen through the blood.

14. Immunity
Antibodies are proteins. They help protect you from illness.