1. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.158
Figure 1 Induction, maintenance and resolution of chronic autoimmunity in SLE
Figure 1 | Induction, maintenance and resolution of chronic autoimmunity in SLE. Several proposed immune targets are directly or indirectly related to B‑cell activation during the chronic inflammation or maintenance phases of SLE135. A post-resolution phase has also recently been proposed134. Although specific roles for B cells during induction and maintenance phases are difficult to discern, B cells might have the capacity to downregulate inflammation owing to their antibody-independent role as immunoregulatory cells, especially by producing regulatory cytokines. Together, these changes might also modulate other B‑cell functions such as antigen presentation. 
Dörner, T. & Lipsky, P. E. (2016) Beyond pan‑B‑cell-directed therapy — new avenues and insights into the pathogenesis of SLE
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