1. Bias
Strong emotions that make an author see things from only one side rather than thinking of the facts.

2. A method, not based on fact, used to make arguments more persuasive.
2. Propaganda
A method, not based on fact, used to make arguments more persuasive.

3. Everyone else does it or believes it; it must be right or good.
a. Bandwagon Effect
Everyone else does it or believes it; it must be right or good.
* “If everyone is skipping school today, it’s ok for me to do it too.

4. b. Peer Pressure
Suggests that if the reader does not agree with the author’s views, the reader will lose his or her peers’ respect.

5. A certain group of people all share the same qualities.
c. Stereotypes
A certain group of people all share the same qualities.

6. Saying a word or phrase over and over to make it memorable.
d. Repetition
Saying a word or phrase over and over to make it memorable.

7. The use of fear as a way of getting people to take action.
e. Scare Tactics
The use of fear as a way of getting people to take action.

8. f. Testimonial
A statement from a celebrity or expert supporting the author’s message.

9. g. Transfer
The technique of stirring the reader’s feelings about one thing and then transferring (connecting) those feelings to something else.

10. h. Loaded Words
Words used to trigger strong feelings about the people or things they describe.
Examples; mother, family, patriotism

11. Common, everyday people support it.
j. Plain Folks Appeal
Common, everyday people support it.

12. The “best” people support it.
k. Snob Appeal
The “best” people support it.

13. Only the good side is mention; unfavorable facts are withheld.
l. Stacking the Deck
Only the good side is mention; unfavorable facts are withheld.

14. m. Glittering Generalities
Words of praise for a product or person using nice words.
goodness, patriotic

15. n. Name-calling
Links a person or idea to a negative symbol; common in politics.
words like monster, beast, terrorist