1. Proteins

2. Proteins
Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids.

3. Amino Acid Hydrogen Carboxylic Acid Group Amino Group Side Chain
Proteins are made of 20 different amino acids

4. 20 Amino Acids
All of the many types of proteins are made from 20 different amino acids.

5. Amino Acids Make Proteins
Different combinations of amino acids produce different kinds of proteins.

6. Peptide Bond
Amino acids are joined together by covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Any amino acid can join any other amino acid.

7. Function of Proteins Movement - actin and myosin in muscle fibers
Structure - collagen found almost everywhere in animals
Regulation - enzymes
Transport - hemoglobin in blood
Nutrition - food group
Defense - antibodies

8. End of Proteins

9. Lipids

10. Lipids
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Phospholipids
Steroids
Vitamins

11. Lipids
Lipids are generally insoluble in polar substances such as water and defined as hydrophobic.

12. Lipid Molecule
Lipid molecules are made up of fatty acids and glycerol

13. Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Saturated - Carbons contain the maximum # of hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated - At least one carbon-carbon double bond

14. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
Lipids whose fatty acid chains contain more than one double bond.

15. Functions of Lipids Long-term energy storage - fats and oils
Protection and insulation - fats
Water-proofing - waxes
Body function and control - hormones and cholesterol
Structural - phospholipids, a major component of the cell plasma membrane

16. Why do elephant seals have so much fat?