1. How we Got 5 Kingdoms of Living Things

2. If you had 10 minutes to buy milk and chips in a new grocery store, would you know where to look?
If the store has things classified, it makes it easier and faster to locate items

3. *Classification is Everywhere
Grocery stores classify items by type
(baking items, dairy items, frozen food)
Post offices classify mail by destination
(zip code, then street, then house number)
Schools classify students by traits
(grade number, gender, academic ability)

4. So why should we care about classification of living things?
What is a cassowary?
Is it plant, animal, or bacteria?
How does it get food?
Can it move around?
How big is it?

5. If you know that a cassowary is classified as a bird, you also know that…
It has wings
It has feathers
It has hollow bones
It has a beak
It is probably an omnivore
It can be seen using only the eyes
Classification clues us in

6. *Scientists classify based on STRUCTURE
The basic structure of an organisms doesn’t change.
What would happen if we classified organisms based on color?
A zebra and a zebra fish would be cousins!

7. make a chart in your notes
Kingdom
# of Cells
Photosynthesis?
Nucleus?
Examples

8. Aristotle had 2 kingdoms
Plants
Don’t Move
Mostly Green
Animals
Move around
Not green

9. After careful observation, some things didn't fit either kingdom…
Can grow in the dark
Not green
Need dead things to grow on
Do not move
Based on this evidence, scientists created a 3rd kingdom

10. Fungi Kingdom Examples: Mold Mushrooms Yeast Made of many cells
Cannot conduct photosynthesis
Digest “dead” things and recycle the nutrients back into the soil
Reproduce asexually
Have a true nucleus

11. This 3-kingdom system lasted for several hundred years
Until microscope technology allowed us to see smaller organisms
We discovers TONS of new evidence!

12. Most of what they saw in the microscope wouldn't fit into these three kingdoms
They could move like animals, but were super tiny
They didn’t have to “mate” to reproduce
They ate tiny pieces of dead stuff or each other!

13. Based on this new evidence from technology, scientists created a 4th kingdom
And we’re adding more to this kingdom all the time!

14. Protist Kingdom Examples: Algae Amoeba Giardia Made of one cell
Some can conduct photosynthesis
Found mostly in water or mud
Reproduce asexually
Have a true nucleus

15. These 4 kingdoms were the only ones for a few years until microscopes improved, and we could see inside single cells…
We noticed differences in nuclei
Some organisms didn’t have a nucleus at all – only a single chromosome floating in the cytoplasm

16. Monera Kingdom Made of one cell Some can conduct photosynthesis
Found everywhere
Reproduce asexually
Have a single chromosome – no nucleus
Super tiny – size of mitochondria
Examples:
Strep &
Staph
Pneumonia
Syphilis

17. Bacteria are so different that we even gave them their own DOMAIN
Eukaryotes (like you)
Bacteria – normal – found everywhere, especially inside other stuff
Archaea –extremophiles

18. Some scientists even want to create a 7th kingdom for viruses based on the evidence new technology has revealed…
Viruses aren’t technically alive because they can’t live without a host The more we know the better able to control them

19. The better our technology becomes, the more we know about organisms