1. The Participation challenge
Different forms of participation
Cost implication of participation
How to build broad participation
Incentives for participation/disincentives
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

2. The Participation challenge
Closely linked with the architecture of the climate regime
. . . and technology
. . . And the level of ambition!

3. Participation: Who? When? How? What?
What? How much
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

4. Participation: How? absolute caps emissions intensity target
project mechanisms
other?
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

5. Participation: When? Immediately (2013 - ) Later Gradual
top-down / bottom-up
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

6. Participation: Who? “Global participation” “Major emitters”
“Industrialised countries” (with/without US)
“Coalition of the willing”
“EU alone”
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

7. Participation: Why? Global public good – free riding
Incentives and/or sanctions
Improved CDM and/or trading
Role of financial institutions
Ancillary benefits
Technology co-operation & transfer
Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

8. Messages EU credibility – implementation EU leadership US
Fast-growing emerging economies