1. Earth Science Lab Practical Review

2. Station 1: Rocks and Minerals
COLOR
-Least useful property
STREAK
CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE
-Porcelain Streak plate
DENSITY/HEFT
LUSTER
How are Minerals Identified??
-Metallic or Non-metallic
CRYSTAL SHAPE
HARDNESS
-Glass plate
INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS
SPECIAL PROPERTIES

3. STREAK
The color of a mineral when finely powdered

4. LUSTER Metallic – reflects light like metal (shiny)
Nonmetallic – any mineral which DOES NOT exhibit shiny metallic characteristics

5. LUSTER- Now you try…
NON-METALLIC

6. LUSTER- Now you try…
NON-METALLIC

7. LUSTER- Now you try…
METALLIC

8. Hardness
Resistance of a mineral to being scratched

9. Hardness
If the mineral SCRATCHES the glass – it has a hardness of 5 or higher.
If the mineral DOES NOT SCRATCH glass – it has a hardness of below 5.

10. CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE
Cleavage- when a mineral break along a flat, smooth surface
Fracture- when a mineral breaks along an irregular surface

11. CLEAVAGE OR FRACTURE
CLEAVAGE

12. CLEAVAGE OR FRACTURE
CLEAVAGE

13. CLEAVAGE OR FRACTURE
FRACTURE

14. ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS -cementation -compaction -fossils -layers
-form underwater
-pieces and parts of other rocks

15. ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS -HEAT + PRESSURE! -Foliated -Recrystallization
-Banding
-Mountains
Schist
Gneiss

16. -Solidification of magma or lava
ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
-Solidification of magma or lava
-Glassy
-Vesicular
-Extrusive
-Intrusive
Pumice
Obsidian
Scoria
Diorite

17. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
How do you find the epicenter of an earthquake?
1. Determine the arrival of the p-wave and the s-wave.

18. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
2. Find the DIFFERENCE between the arrival of the p-wave and the arrival of the s-wave.
11:05 a.m.
-11:01 a.m.
4 minutes
WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THIS NUMBER?!?!?

19. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Difference between the arrival times was 4 minutes
MEASURE AND MATCH!!
The distance to the epicenter is…
2600 km

20. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
What does the circle surrounding Boise, Idaho represent?
2,600 km

21. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
How many cities do you need in order to find the epicenter of an earthquake
3!!!
-Why?
-Because you need the circles to intersect and that can only happen with 3 cities.

22. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Can you tell where the epicenter of the earthquake is from this information?

23. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Where is the epicenter of this earthquake?

24. Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
OH NO!!!
What do you do if this happens?

25. E =______________________ Length of the major axis
Eccentricity
What is the formula for eccentricity?
Distance between foci
E =______________________
Length of the major axis

26. Eccentricity FOCI MAJOR AXIS An ellipse
YOU MUST MEASURE TO THE NEAREST .1 OF A CENTIMETER!!
MAJOR AXIS

27. Eccentricity
5.0 cm =

28. Eccentricity
Eccentricity
5.0 cm
= =
9.2 cm
.543

29. Eccentricity
If this were the Earth’s orbit, where would the Sun be located?
Where would the Earth’s orbital velocity be the fastest?
SUN