1. What is happening in numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4
What is happening in numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4? What type of rocks can turn into metamorphic rocks?

2. Homework!
Bring in your permission forms.

3. The Ground Beneath Our Feet

4. Warm Up
What makes soil healthy?

5. What Makes Up Healthy Soil?
Mineral fragments, humus, air, water, and living things
Plant roots, Insects, Worms
Humus
Organic Material
Can support the growth of vegetation
Parent rock
source of mineral fragments in the soil

6. Soil Formation Soil starts out as rock
The surface rocks break down into smaller pieces and is mixed with organic matter.
Over time this creates a thin layer of soil.
Decaying matter makes the soil thick and rich

8. Soil Texture
The soil’s quality is based on the proportions of soil particles.
Soil texture affects
Infiltration:
ability of water to move through soil.

9. Sizes of Weathered Rock That Make Up Soil

10. Different Types of Soil
Every soil type is a mixture of sand, silt, clay.
The right mixture is called loam.
Loam =
40% sand
40 % silt
20 % clay

11. Review Questions Which particle is the biggest one that goes in soil?
A. Clay
B. Silt
C. Quartz
D. Sand

12. Review Questions Which particle is the biggest one that goes in soil?
A. Clay
B. Silt
C. Quartz
D. Sand

13. Review Questions What is loam?
A. Loam is the perfect combination of sand, silt, and clay.
B. Loam is the combination of 30% sand, 40% mud, and 30% clay.
C. Loam is located on in horizon B.
D. Loam is the particle quality of any soil.

14. Review Questions What is loam?
A. Loam is the perfect combination of sand, silt, and clay.
B. Loam is the combination of 30% sand, 40% mud, and 30% clay.
C. Loam is located on in horizon B.
D. Loam is the particle quality of any soil.

15. How can soil be damaged?

16. Soil Damage- Rain Erosion

17. Soil Damage – Wind Erosion Dust Bowl

18. Soil Damage – Pollution Chemical spill

19. Soil Damage - Mining

20. What is soil conservation?
Soil conservation is the management of soil to prevent destruction.

21. Contour Plowing plowing fields along curves of slopes to prevent water erosion.

22. No-till farming dead weeds and stalks are left in the ground from year to year to prevent wind / water erosion

23. Crop Rotation plant different crops in a field from year to year to slow nutrient depletion.

24. Cover Crops crops that are planted between harvests to replace certain nutrients and prevent erosion. George Washington Carver urged farmers to use this method.

25. Terracing changes one steep field into several smaller fields to prevent water erosion.

26. What can YOU do to conserve soil?
Ground Cover (plants, pine straw, mulch)
Water the soil, not too wet but do not keep dry
Retaining walls