1. Civil Rights Movement
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2. Ike “tackles” Civil Rights
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws enacted between and 1965.
They mandated segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly “separate but equal”
Public schools
Public transportation
Restrooms
Restaurants
Drinking fountains

3. Ike “tackles” Civil Rights
Pg. 913; Senator Bilbo
“Everywhere I go in the South the Negro is forced to choose between his hide and his soul.” – Southern Clergyman
An American Dilemma – Gunnar Myrdal
Jackie Robinson – Dodgers -1947
Rosa Parks
Montgomery bus boycott
Martin Luther King Jr.

4. Ike “tackles” Civil Rights
Chief Justice Earl Warren
“legislation by the judiciary”
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Segregation in the public schools was “inherently unequal”
Desegregation must go ahead with “all deliberate speed”

5. Ike “tackles” Civil Rights
Little Rock, AK
Governor Orval Faubus
Mobilized National Guard to prevent nine black students from enrolling in a local high school
Federal troop escort
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
“sit-in” movement; Greensboro, NC

6. Civil Rights De facto segregation – by custom or practice
Segregation of schools today
Expectations of giving up your seat on the bus
“White flight”
De jure segregation – by law
Jim Crow laws

8. New Leaders Malcom X Nation of Islam Hajj
“Concerning nonviolence: it is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks. It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. We believe in obeying the law… the time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked”

9. New Leaders Black Panthers Huey Newton & Bobby Seale Self-sufficient
Communist leanings
Free daycare, medical centers, homeless aid, free student breakfasts

10. Civil Rights: Kerner Report
Lyndon B. Johnson appointed the commission on July 28, 1967, while rioting was still underway in Detroit, Michigan.
Los Angeles (Watts Riot of 1965),
Chicago (Division Street Riots of 1966),
Newark (1967 Newark riots).
Johnson asked for answers to three basic questions about the riots:
"What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it from happening again and again?"

11. Civil Rights: Kerner Commission
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders or Kerner Report was released on February 29, 1968 after seven months of investigation.
over two million Americans bought copies of the 426-page document.
Its finding was that the riots resulted from black frustration at lack of economic opportunity.
Martin Luther King Jr., pronounced the report a "physician's warning of approaching death, with a prescription for life."

12. Civil Rights: Kerner Report
The report berated federal and state governments for failed housing, education and social-service policies. The report also aimed some of its sharpest criticism at the mainstream media.
"The press has too long basked in a white world looking out of it, if at all, with white men's eyes and white perspective."
"Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal."
Its results suggested that one main cause of urban violence was white racism and suggested that white America bore much of the responsibility for black rioting and rebellion.
Called to create new jobs, construct new housing, and put a stop to de facto segregation in order to wipe out the destructive ghetto environment.
Government programs to provide needed services, to hire more diverse and sensitive police forces and, most notably, to invest billions in housing programs aimed at breaking up residential segregation.