1. Causes of World War II
Based on what you remember from first term, what do you think are some likely causes of WWII?

2. The Treaty of Versailles
Designed to keep Germany _________________to fight another war
Huge reparations increased Germany’s war debt leading to _____________ troubles
Demilitarized the ________
German territories given to Austria, Czechoslovakia and _____________________
What do you remember about the Treaty of Versailles?
What conditions may have made Germany angry enough to start another war?
war guilt clause
Reparations
lost territory
restricted military
lost control of Rhineland (Rhineland = buffer zone, but leaves Germany undefended along a vulnerable border)
treaty was dictated to Germany (resentment)
Reparations: repayment of the war debts of the victorious nations
War debt exacerbates Great Depression
Hitler will try to get these territories back through Anschluss & Lebensraum (see later notes)

3. The League of Nations
Created to help nations resolve conflict through _____________ means
Lost power & credibility when the __________ refused to join
Failed to promote ___________ after WWI
Failed to prevent numerous conflicts including the territorial expansion of _______________, Japan & Italy
League was brainchild of US Pres. Woodrow Wilson, but new isolationist Pres. Harding refuses to join
Disarmament: reduce stores of weapons & size of military
Will get into specifics of territorial expansion later in the presentation

4. Great Depression
Economic struggles only increased ____________ between nations
Made people susceptible to the promises of ______________ leaders like Hitler & Mussolini
Mussolini, for example, promised to return Italy to the glorious days of the Roman Empire.
Hitler promised to make Germany a “new Rome.”

5. Rise of Dictatorships Germany: __________ Hitler (National Socialist)
Italy: Benito Mussolini (_______________)
Japan: Emperor __________
All promised to increase their nation’s power & adopted policies of ___________________, totalitarianism & imperialism
Militarism: maintenance of a strong military, glorification of the military, prepared to aggressively use military power to defend or promote the nation’s interests.
Totalitarianism: centralized state power, dictatorship
Imperialism: Territorial expansion, building of empires
Fascism and National Socialism (Nazism) are very similar political philosophies. Many consider Nazism to be a form of fascism.
Fascism: political movement founded by Mussolini in Italy, features include: totalitarianism (no limits to state power, subordination of the individual to the state), imperialism, militarism, extreme nationalism
National Socialism: political movement founded by Hitler in Germany, features include: totalitarianism, imperialism, militarism, extreme nationalism to the point of racism (believed in racial inequality where the strong were meant to rule the weak, felt need to purge certain inferior races like the Jews)
What do you feel is the key difference between fascism and Nazism?
Racism

6. Appeasement
______________ PM Neville Chamberlain wanted to give Germany, Italy, etc. what they wanted to avoid another war
German, Italian & Japanese militaries grow unchecked until __________
Appeasement: avoid armed international conflict by giving in to the demands of certain powerful nations
Hitler will violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles multiple times, but Chamberlain will convince the world to forgive it
In photo: British PM Neville Chamberlain (left), Hitler (centre) and Mussolini (beside Hitler)

7. Territorial Expansion
1931
Japan invades Manchuria (________)
1936
Germany _______________ Rhineland
1935-6
Italy invades Ethiopia
1936-9
Germany & Italy help Franco (Fascist) win the ______________ Civil War
1938
Germany annexes Austria & the Sudetenland (part of Czech.)
1939
Germany occupies all of Czechoslovakia & Italy seizes ________
1936-9: Who else is a Fascist like Franco?
Mussolini
Reunification with Austria = Anschluss
Taking over Czech/Poland = lebensraum (gaining living space for Germans)
1939: These acts bring the end of appeasement

8. Invasion of Poland _______________ invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939
Britain & France Declare war on Sept. __
Most __________________ countries soon follow with Canada declaring war on Sept. 10
What do we mean by Commonwealth?
All territories that are currently or were once part of the British Empire
Examples: Canada, India, South Africa
Why is it significant that Canada declares war on Sept. 10?
First time we declared for ourselves.
Clear assertion of independence from Britain