1. Chapter 3 Adapting to the Environment

2. Animal Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
1 makes 2
2 make 1(or more)

3. Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation-
regeneration

4. Asexual Reproduction
Budding
Ex. Hydra

5. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
No energy required to find a mate –
Genetically exact copy of successful organism
Many offspring in short time

6. Asexual Reproduction
What could be some possible disadvantages of asexual reproduction in animals?

7. Sexual Reproduction
Chromosomes from two parent cells (sperm and egg) unite and fertilization occurs.
Zygote formed

8. Sexual Reproduction
VARIATIONS

9. Methods of Fertiliztion on animals
External: Mother lays eggs and sperm fertilizes them outside the body.

10. Internal Fertilization
Egg cell(s) fertilized inside the female’s body
Ex: some fish,plus birds, reptiles, mammals

11. Types of Mammalian reproduction
Monotremes are oviparous, or egg laying.

12. Marsupial Mammals that give birth to partially developed live young,

13. Ex:Kangaroos, koalas, wombats, and Tasmanian devils
Marsupial mammals
Ex:Kangaroos, koalas, wombats, and Tasmanian devils

14. Placental Mammals
Placenta: organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to developing offspring
4000+ species

15. Plants: Leading a Double Life?
Sporophyte Stage:
Make Spores
Gametophyte Stage:
Make sperm or egg

16. (Mosses, liverworts, hornworts) Seedless Vascular Plants See Examples
Plant Reproduction
Nonvascular Plants
(Mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
Seedless Vascular Plants
See Examples
Seed Plants
Gametophytes on or below surface
Gymnosperms
(Cones)
Angio-
sperms
(flowers)
Lots of Spores
Water necessary
Pollen:
contains sperm

17. Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Pollination

18. Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Plantlets - tiny plants on leaf edges

19. Tubers: Underground stems

20. Runners - above ground stems

21. Animal Behavior Animal Behaviors A
Innate - inherited in genes
Learned - behavior from experience or observation
Example:bowerbird collecting colorful objects for nest
Example:Humans speaking
Example:

22. Write 3 defensive animal behaviors: (p.80)
Survival Behavior
Food: predator/prey
Marking Territory
Defensive Action
Write 3 defensive animal behaviors: (p.80) 1. 2. 3. ..

23. More Survival Behavior
Courtship
Parenting

24. Biological clock (internal)
Seasonal Behavior
Biological clock (internal)
Migration
Hibernation
Estivation
Control Circadian rhythms
Example:
Plants
Seasonal Cycles
Hibernation
Reproduction
Metamorphosis
Why?

26. Adaptations Variations that help organisms survive
Physiological-internal adaptations to do with the overall coordination of the systems in the body
Behaviorial - inherited behavior chains and/or the ability to learn

27. Structural Adaptations
(physical, external)
Food
Interactions
Predator-Prey

28. What adaptations are helping these organisms get food?

29. African Hedgehog - spines?
Classify and describe these adaptations:
African Hedgehog - spines?
Activity
Site

30. Thornbugs (Florida)

32. Four friends were arguing about the meaning of “survival of the fittest.” With whom do you agree? Explain.
Dora: “Fit” means bigger and stronger:
Lance: “Fit” means more apt to reproduce
Felix: “Fit” means being able to run faster
Hap: “Fit” means more intelligent.

33. Natural Selection
Individuals with better adaptations survive and reproduce more

34. 4 Steps to Natural Selection

35. 4. Successful Reproduction
1.Overproduction
2. Genetic Variation
3.Struggle to Survive
4. Successful Reproduction

36. defects/reproduction
Changes in Variation (Ex: FL Panther)
Result: heart
defects/reproduction
problems

37. Insecticide Resistance
Passed on to generations - not harmed by insecticide
What else can become reisistant?