1. Simple
Invertebrates

2. Only need to copy what’s in BLACK
SYSTEMS*
Nervous (responding to environment)…brain, nerve cord, eyes…
Digestive/Excretory (food/waste processing)…stomach, intestines, kidneys…
Circulatory/Respiratory (gas/nutrient exchange/delivery)…gills, heart….
Skeletal/Muscular (movement)…cranium, backbone, muscles, tendons…
Reproductive …ovaries/testes (gonads), sexual vs asexual methods…
*organellescell
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION ANIMAL KINGDOM 1)
Is based on… & 2)
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION ANIMAL KINGDOM
1) ANATOMY (organs/systems*)
Is based on… & NOT zone/region/environment
2) PHYSIOLOGY (function of organs)
 tissue
 organ
 system
 organism

3. PORIFERA pore-bearing SPONGES!! Simplest Animal
PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s)
Marine Invertebrates (saltwater animals without a backbone)
PORIFERA
pore-bearing
asymmetrical
(no symmetry)
SPONGES!!
Simplest Animal

4. Examples and the Defining A & P
Operates like a chimney, drawing water IN through pores*,
Plankton are snagged by “amebocytes”, and the water EXITS
out through the “osculum” (hole at the top)
NO (complex) SYSTEMS
ONLY ONE LAYER OF CELLS
Why is this an animal? Multicellular Heterotroph!! *2 liters/hr!!
REPRO: 99% Asexual
(regeneration)

5. ORAL VIEW CNIDARIA stinging cell (nematocyst) RADIAL ANTHOZOA
PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s)
Why am I,
the vellela,
a Cnidarian?
CNIDARIA
stinging cell
(nematocyst)
RADIAL
ANTHOZOA
corals (hard & soft)…3700 species
& anemones
ABORAL
SCYPHOZOA
jellies (plankton called “neustron”
aka “floaters”)
ORAL VIEW
HYDROZOA
Hydra, Portuguese Man-o-War,
& siphonophores

6. REPRODUCTIVE: 75% Asexual (budding)
Sexual (larval/medusa forms change into adults/polyps)
Examples and the Defining A & P
CNIDARIANs were earth’s first animals to have SPECIALIZED cells (“tissue”);
GASTRODERMIS (first inkling of a “Digestive System”), like a primitive
“stomach”, cells that dissolve prey for-the-good-of-the-organism
STINGING CELLS, part of a NERVE “NET” (a primitive nervous
system, a de-centralized nerve cord), NO BRAIN but sensors
TWO LAYERS of cells (epidermis & gastrodermis)…no body cavity
ANEMONE

7. form a skeleton of calcium
Types of Coral
HARD (stony)
“reef-builders”
form a skeleton of calcium
carbonate, CaCO3

8. Soft Corals

9. ANTERIOR ANNELIDA little ring BILATERAL POLYCHAETA / Marine worms
PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s)
ANNELIDA
little
ring
BILATERAL
POLYCHAETA /
Marine worms
(2 terrestrial classes)
POLYCHAETA / many “bristles”
marine worms
(2 terrestrial classes)
segmented
(worms)
ANTERIOR

10. Examples and the Defining A & P
Besides CLAMWORMS FIRST animals to have
other Annelids (polychaetes) --CEPHALIZATION (a “head” + eyespots!)
include GIANT TUBE WORMS* --(complete) Digestive System
(called Riftia) and FEATHER- --(ventral) Nerve CORD + ganglia (pre-brain)
DUSTER WORMS --THREE cell layers + a body CAVITY
--excretory cells called NEPHRIDIA (kidney)
--(pseudo)HEARTs + blood vessels
100% Sexual Reproduction (hermaphrodites)
Respire through (moist) skin
*discovered in deep sea “rift”
zones, Riftia exist by CHEMO-
rather than PHOTO-SYNTHESIS