1. Causes of the Civil War

2. (1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories
Northwest Ordinance
(1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories

3. Doubled the size of the U.S.2
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Led to the debate on expansion of slavery
Doubled the size of the U.S.

4. Missouri Compromise (1820)3
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Banned slavery north of the 36° parallel
Set precedent that for every slave state, a free state must enter
36’30 Line
Kept the balance of free & slave states

5. South Carolina nullified Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede
NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) – States’ Rights vs. Preserving the Union 4
South Carolina nullified Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede 5

6. Slavery in America
The issue stayed in the background after the Missouri Compromise
The proposal to add new states and territories (Texas, New Mexico, and California) brought the issue back up 5. Manifest Destiny - Mexican Cession and Oregon Territory
On numerous occasions, Congress made motions to not discuss the topic in session

7. Wilmot Proviso 6 A bitter debate over slavery in the new west
Rep. David Wilmot (Penn)
Proposed slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico
Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.)
No govt. authority can prohibit or regulate slavery in a territory
Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate

8. Moderate Views Some said Missouri Compromise line should extend west6
Moderate Views
Some said Missouri Compromise line should extend west
Others called for popular sovereignty
People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery

9. 1st president never previously elected to a public office

10. 7
Debate of 1850
Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state
The old guard of 19th century politicians took the lead in Congress
Clay sought a compromise and made over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together)
In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) called for the south to secede – DIED DURING THE DEBATE

11. COMPROMISE OF 1850
President Taylor wanted to abolish slavery and threatens to veto the bill
Taylor died suddenly– Millard Fillmore
becomes President & signs the bill 11

12. COMPROMISE OF 1850 For the North For the South 7 Terms:
California admitted as a free state
For the North
Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia
Texas gave up its western lands for $10 million
Clip: Compromise of 1850
New Mexico & Utah organized under popular sovereignty
For the South
Fugitive Slave Law passed

13. Fugitive Slave Law 8 Return escaped slaves to their state & owner
All citizens expected to help 13

14. Whig party dying!!!
Whigs choose another Mexican War General (another war hero like Jackson)

15. Repealed the Missouri Compromise9
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Stephen Douglas called for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (vote) on slavery in the territories

16. Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist & Missouri settlers)9
Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist & Missouri settlers)
Only 1,500 people in KS…but 6,000 people vote in election
Kansas had 2 governments – Free & Slave

17. Debate over slavery in territory War broke out over the debate (1856)10
BLEEDING KANSAS
Debate over slavery in territory
War broke out over the debate (1856)
Pro-slavery raids took place in Lawrence
John Brown raided pro-slavery parts of Kansas to raise abolitionist support

18. 11
VIOLENCE IN THE SENATE
In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner (Mass.) gave a speech on the “Crime Against Kansas” condemning the South’s desire to expand slavery
Senator Preston Brooks (SC) believed Sumner was insulting his uncle, Senator Andrew Butler
Since Sen. Butler was not present to defend himself, Sen. Brooks (SC) beat Sen. Sumner with his cane while Sumner was seated at his desk
Showed the brutal nature of the debate & Brooks was seen as a hero in South Carolina (it even helped him get reelected)

19. Whigs, Free Soilers and Northern Democrats12
Republican Party
(1854) - Against slavery
Whigs, Free Soilers and Northern Democrats

20. 12 No electoral votes from the South
Supported popular sovereignty
Called the Republicans extremists/radicals
No electoral votes from the South
Condemned KS-NE Act & slavery expansion