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Bell work: 11/14/13 In your own words, how would you describe a mixture?
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Chapter Mixtures
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A Review of terms: Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Element – a material made up of only one type of atom Molecule – any two or more atoms held together by bonds (chemically combined) ex. 02 or H20 Compound – two or more different atoms bonded together ex. CO2 or H20
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Pure – only one element or compound
Classifying Matter: Pure – only one element or compound Ex. Gold, Oxygen, CO2, Salt Impure – mixture of two or more elements or compounds Salt water, Milk, Air
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Mixtures – a combination of two or more substances
Each substance keeps its own properties Ex. Mixing sugar in tea Not chemically combined to make a new substance It’s a Physical Change!
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Mixtures can be separated! Filtration Boiling and Melting Points
Separates solids and liquids Boiling and Melting Points Ex. Salt and water Water boils at 100˚C Salt melts at 800˚C Distillation Collects vaporized substances which are cooled back to a liquid
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Heterogeneous mixture
Different components can be seen Parts are in different phases of matter Suspensions and Colloids Homogeneous mixture Appear the same throughout Evenly mixed / uniformly distributed A sample taken from one part is the same as any other Solutions
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Suspensions Opaque (don’t transmit light)
Can be separated by settling out or filtration Examples: Carbonated Pop, Salad dressing, Fog In a colloid the particles won’t settle out Ex. Milk, Blood, Jell-o, Butter
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Bell work: 11/15/13 What is the Tyndall effect and how is it used to identify different types of mixtures?
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Tyndall Effect – light is scattered by particles in a colloid
Tested by shining a light through the mixture. Identifies a colloid: If you see the beam of light, it’s a colloid. If you don’t, it’s a true solution.
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Solutions All parts are in the same phase Examples: Sugar water Air
Sugar breaks down from crystal shape and molecules spread throughout the solution Air Nitrogen, Oxygen, and other gases Gems Rubies - red chromium compounds in transparent aluminum oxide Sapphires - light green iron and blue titanium in aluminum oxide Metal Alloys Brass – copper and zinc Stainless steel - iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon
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Parts of a Solution: Name the parts:
Solvent – material in the largest amount Does the dissolving Solute – anything else What is dissolved in the solvent Name the parts: Kool-Aid Coffee with sugar Crayon (wax and pigment)
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When a solution can’t dissolve any more solute, it is said to be saturated.
If it hasn’t reached its limit of solute it is unsaturated. How much solute is dissolved in the solvent can be identified by the solution’s concentration. amount of solute . Concentration = amount of solution
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Separation Challenge!! Come up with the most EFFECTIVE and DETAILED procedure to separate a mixture of salt and sand. Your procedures should be a list of steps, not a paragraph. You are in a lab with access to any materials you would need. INCLUDE A MATERIALS LIST!! The salt and sand needs to be separate and dry in the end but can go through any phase of matter during the separation process. The winning group will earn extra credit!
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