2. Question of the day
What have you discovered about your philosopher so far?

3. Question of the day
Define industrialization. the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.

4. Effects of Industrialization
11.2.1: Understand the effect of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

5. Industrialization
United States experienced a huge expansion due to growing urban population (cheap labor and new market for goods)

6. Brooklyn Bridge, NYC – 1883: a symbol of America’s transition from a rural to an industrial nation

7. Impact of industry was uneven: few rich but many poor

8. Effects on Living Conditions

9. Industrial jobs drew immigrants and rural Americans to cities.

10. As cities became overcrowded, problems arose, such as inadequate housing, poor transportation, crime and lack of clean water and sanitation.

11. Tenements

12. Multifamily tenements became overcrowded
Multifamily tenements became overcrowded. They were unsanitary and lacked light and ventilation.

15. Sanitation
Horse manure, sewage in gutters, factories spewed foul smoke into the air, garbage in the streets, ongoing challenges

16. Effects on Living Conditions
Industrial jobs drew immigrants and rural Americans to cities.
As cities became overcrowded, problems arose, such as inadequate housing, poor transportation, crime and lack of clean water and sanitation.
Multifamily tenements became overcrowded. They were unsanitary and lacked light and ventilation.

17. New York City You are a poor immigrant that has moved to New York City
New York City You are a poor immigrant that has moved to New York City. Write a brief letter home to explain the living conditions you are experiencing.

18. Effects on Working Conditions

19. Factory employees worked 12 or more hours a day, six days a week, for low wages. Much of the work was repetitive and tedious.

20. Many factories were poorly ventilated, and employees often worked with dangerous machinery. Long hours and unsafe conditions led to health problems and accidents.

21. Workers in sweatshops, or workshops in tenement buildings, worked long hours without breaks and earned the lowest wages.

22. Women earned significantly less than men.

23. Child Labor was common because all family members had to work to make ends meet. In 1890, there were 1.5 million workers under 15.

24. Many children were injured or experienced stunted growth because of the hard work.

25. A typical workweek Steel mills demanded a 7 day work week
Factory workers – 12 hrs a day, 6 days a wk
No vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation or reimbursement for injuries
By 1882, 675 workers died each week
Everybody had to work even as young as 5 years old
27 cents a day for children
$267 per year for women
$498 per year for men

26. Effects on Working Conditions
Factory employees worked 12 or more hours a day, six days a week, for low wages. Much of the work was repetitive and tedious.
Many factories were poorly ventilated, and employees often worked with dangerous machinery. Long hours and unsafe conditions led to health problems and accidents.
Workers in sweatshops, or workshops in tenement buildings, worked long hours without breaks and earned the lowest wages.
Women earned significantly less than men.
Child labor was common because all family members had to work to make ends meet. In 1890, there were 1.5 million workers under 15.
Many children were injured or experienced stunted growth because of the hard work.

27. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Novel that exposed the poor working conditions of immigrants in the slaughterhouses of Chicago. The public, however, reacted most strongly to the description of the revolting way that the meat was processed.

28. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Portrayed the following conditions in the meat packing industry
Workers walking and spitting on meat left on the floor
Rats running over the meat and leaving their droppings
Poison bread (to kill the rats) and dead rats thrown in with the meat to be processed

29. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Led to a federal investigation of the meat packing industry and ultimately to the passing of the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.

30. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Novel that exposed the poor working conditions of immigrants in the slaughterhouses of Chicago. The public, however, reacted most strongly to the description of the revolting way that the meat was processed.
Portrayed the following conditions in the meat packing industry
Workers walking and spitting on meat left on the floor
Rats running over the meat and leaving their droppings
Poison bread (to kill the rats) and dead rats thrown in with the meat to be processed
Led to a federal investigation of the meat packing industry and ultimately to the passing of the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.

31. Using three complete sentences, describe the working conditions during the industrial era.