1. ____________________is the study of reptiles and amphibians
Class Amphibia
____________________is the study of reptiles and amphibians

2. General Characteristics
Amphibians: means ____________
Frogs, salamanders, newts, toads, caecilians
Bilateral Symmetry (old)
______________ (cold blooded)
Ecto = ____________, Thermy = ______________
Advantages? _______________________
Disadvantages? ______________________
________________ - Four legged animals

3. Characteristics Con’t
Semi-aquatic, Semi-terrestrial** (sort of new, analogous anyone?
Live on both land and water
Respiration
Gills replaced by lungs
This is seen in humans (sort of) in embryonic development**

4. Characteristics Con’t
Sexual reproduction
_________________(separate sexes)
External & Internal Fertilization

5. Complex Systems **Feeding: larvae = __________________,
adults = _________________.
Digestive tract: mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestines > large intestine (colon) > cloaca (getting complex!!)
**Respiration: larva = skin and gills, adult = lungs and some through skin
Many terrestrial salamanders = no lungs at all, through skin and mouth cavity

6. Circulation **Double loop system
3 chamber heart right atrium, left atrium, and ventricle
Compare Single to Double Loop Circulation
Single Loop: Heart --> Gills --> Body
**Double Loop: Heart --> Lungs --> Heart --> Body

7. Single Loop
3 Chambered Heart
Double Loop

8. Excretion Uric acid + Urea = ___________ **Flow Of Waste:
Kidneys > ureters > small urinary bladder > cloaca (emptied with solid wastes)

9. Reproduction Females lay eggs in water, male deposits sperm over eggs
Most are external, some are internal
Larvae commonly called tadpoles
**Metamorphism is when the tadpoles turn in to the adult frog
**A few species will care for their eggs by incubating their young in their mouth, on their back, or stomach!

10. Reproduction - Continuation
Tadpoles
Differences
Aquatic Single Loop Gills
Frogs
Differences Terrestrial or Aquatic Double Loop Lungs

11. Response
**Eyes move in socket and have a protective structure = _________________________ is a transparent membrane that covers the eye when the frog is in the water
Tympanic membranes = eardrums (old)
__________________________ = detect water movement (vibrations) (old)

12. Taxonomy
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum Chordata
**Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order…

13. Orders
Order Caudata
Order Anura
Order Gymnophiona

14. Order Caudata Caudata means “___________________”
Red-back Salamander
Caudata means “___________________”
Salamanders and newts
Spotted Newt

15. Have unspecialized legs – means not for different functions
Caudata Con’t
Regenerative!! (old)
Have unspecialized legs – means not for different functions
Most have internal fertilization
Female walks over sperm cap and inserts it into cloaca

16. Order Anura ________________________ Have no tails as adults
Immatures do
Undergo metamorphosis
“many changes”

17. Frog Metamorphosis

19. External fertilization
!!Difference between a frog and a toad:
Toads have dry & rough skin
Frogs have moist & wet skin

20. Order Gymnophiona Caecilians Worm-like Have fish-like scales Limbless
Burrow in the ground
Hard thick bony skull
Underdeveloped eyes
Virtually blind
Tentacle to sense prey