1. Kingdom Plantae
Section 3.2

2. Learning Goals
We are learning to the characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms.
We are learning the different classifications of plants and animals.

3. Characteristics multicellular and eukaryotic perform photosynthesis
sessile (cannot move from place to place)
autotrophic
mostly terrestrial (the aquatic plants are mostly fresh water)
reproduce sexually and asexually
support virtually all terrestrial food webs

4. Green Algae to Plants
Plants thought to evolve from a group of green algae +425 million years ago
both contain chlorophyll a and b
both make cell walls at the end of mitosis before cytokinesis, have cellulose in their cell walls, and store excess food as starch.

6. Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Phloem

7. 4 Major Types
Bryophytes
Pterophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

8. Bryophytes
simple plants with waxy cuticle and stomata to reduce water loss and allow gas exchange
most recognizable are the mosses
lack vascular tissue and true leaves, roots or seeds

9. Pterophytes
Ferns
seedless vascular plants with large leaves and simple roots
able to grow to great heights

10. Gymnosperms dominant land plants
naked seed in cones (not enclosed by fruit)
the first seed plants
Coniferous trees like Pine, Spruce and Cedars
vascular tissue; no flowers

11. Angiosperms most diverse group of plants vascular tissue
reproduce using flowers
produce seeds in fruit
more than 70% of all human food is derived from seeds of wheat, rice, corn

12. Kingdom Animalia
Section 3.3

13. Characteristics eukaryotic and multicellular all are heterotrophic
use oxygen for aerobic respiration
no cell wall
their cell membranes are in direct contact with each other
mostly reproduce sexually
can be terrestrial or aquatic
common ancestor of all animals was likely a protist

15. Nerves
a key innovation among animals was the development of nerve specialized cells.
these allow movement and the ability to sense changes in the environment.
animals in the porifera (sponges) are the only ones that do not have this key animal feature.

16. Symmetry radial symmetry: symmetry around a central axis
bilateral symmetry: symmetry around a midline
Cnidaria

17. Embryonic Development
Protostome: an animal with bilateral symmetry; during embryonic development, the mouth forms before the anus.
Deuterostome: an animal with bilateral symmetry; during embryonic development, the anus forms before the mouth.
humans belong to the deuterostomes phylum Chordata

18. Let your backbone slide …
Vertebrate: an animal with a backbone or notochord
Notochord: a flexible rod found in some chordates; in most modern chordates it is replaced by vertebrae during embryonic development
Invertebrate: an animal that does not have a backbone; the great majority of animal species are invertebrates
Chordata are almost entirely vertebrates - animals with a dorsal backbone or notochord, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
all other animals are referred to as invertebrates.

19. Learning Goals
We are learning to the characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms.
We are learning the different classifications of plants and animals.

20. Text Work
P95 #1,5,6
P107 #1,2