1. Exploration & Colonial Expansion

2. Europe Doesn’t Start This
Naval Voyages by Ming Admiral Zheng He
Official Chinese Maritime Activity in the Indian Ocean
Enhances Chinese Prestige
Remember Ibn Batutta & Marco Polo

3. Technologies from Afroeurasia led to new European ship designs in the 15th century.
Chinese compass
Arab lateen sail
New Mariner’s Astrolabe
A CARAVEL is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship
It’s during this time, that European Mariners discover and record the wind patterns and currents in the Atlantic & the Pacific
For the WEST it’s all about intimidation and Navel Military Power
The Portugese use caravels
European knowledge of Chinese explosives, adapted into gunnery
Chinese sternpost rudder
Muslim portolan charts and maps

4. Portugal & Spain Lead the Pack
Prince Henry the Navigator
Explored the West African Coast
Opened a naval school for men to learn to use the new navigational tools
Bartolomeu Dias
Rounded the Cape of Good Hope & entered the Indian Ocean
Balboa
Starts first Spanish Settlement on Mainland

5. Portugal & Spain Lead the Pack
Question we need to ask ourselves: Why do these two countries lead the pack?
Good Location
Prince Henry’s School
Grudge against Arabs
Portugal is relatively poor and needed a new source of resources
The Italian merchants were jacking up the prices on Asian goods
Treaty of Tordesillas
Columbus
1492
Sponsored by Spanish
Da Gama
1497
Sponsored by Portugese
Magellan
1519
Sponsored by Spanish

6. Northern European Expedition
British French & Dutch
Protestants want converts too
1588 Britain defeats the Spanish Armada
Ways for the “new” world to be profitable
Market for warm English woolens
Fish
Natural Resources

7. Colonial Expansion

8. Themes of Spanish Colonization
Loosely controlled
Colonial Administrators were in home country
Control over Native People
exact tribute
Over time more formal admin.
Missionary Efforts add more admin.

9. Spanish conquistadors ended Aztec and Inca rule and claimed their lands in Mesoamerica and Andean South America.
Aztec Empire
Mayan
States
Inca Empire
The Aztecs were brought down by Hernan Cortes (Spanish)
Guns
Germs
Steel
The Incas were brought down by Francico Pizzaro (Spainish)

10. British and French North America: Backwater colonies
Received religious refugees
Explicitly recruited settlers
France & England fight over territory (Shocker)
Less attention given to economic regulation
Less important to the crown than the Caribbean
The Seven Years War –
You are responsible for knowing about the beginnings of the American Colonies – Read 363

11. The Seven Years War – A Global Conflict
Treaty of Paris ends its – Ironic
Calcutta is the headquarters for the British East Indian Company – which explains the fighting there

12. The Economics of Expansion
Trading Companies
Dutch East India Company
Given Gov’t Monopolies on trade
Raise Armies
Coin Money
Amassed Great Fortunes
Started Dutch West India Company in the Americas
British East India Company
Similiar

13. The Economics of Expansion
Mercantilism
Economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of great importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of the state
Demands positive balance of trade
Mercantilist policies have included:
High tariffs, especially on manufactured goods
Monopolizing markets with staple ports
Exclusive trade with colonies
Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships;
Banning all export of gold and silver
Limiting wages
Maximizing the use of domestic resources

14. States and Empires in 1519 CE
Slide 32
States and Empires in 1519 CE
States & Empires
Map by Robert Prom