1. Bell Ringer
List at least three effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?

2. Factors Aiding The Industrial Revolution
CH.12 -1B
Factors Aiding The Industrial Revolution

3. A Review…. What does the word “revolution” mean?
Scientific Revolution, American Revolution, French Revolution, Industrial Revolution…
CHANGE!
Long term and short term changes
How did technological discoveries and developments of the Scientific Revolution
change society?
Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press,exploration…

4. Coal was used to power the first steam engine
Energy Revolution
Coal was used to power the first steam engine
James Watt (1769); pump water out of mines
Vital power source during Industrial Revolution
By 1780, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and eastern North America
Improved trade
Encouraged travel

5. James Watt Steam Engine

6. Britain Led the Rise of Industry
Why did the IR begin here? Britain had many advantages…
1.Manpower – population boom, city workers
2. Materials – coal, iron ore and other natural resources
3. Markets – large colonial empire, trade agreements
4. Modes of Transportation – roads, rail, shipping

7. Britain Led the Rise of Industry
British revolutionized textile industry
One invention led to another…
Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Water Frame, Spinning Mule, Power Loom, Cotton Gin
These inventions were too expensive for home use -- Welcome to Factory Life!!!
Increased cotton and linen output
1785 = 40 million yards
1850 = 2 billion yards!

8. Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves’
Water Frame
Richard Awkwright
Flying Shuttle
John Kay
Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton
Power Loom
Edmund Cartwright
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney

9. Economic Effects of the IR
1. Goods were produced more efficiently
2. Supply of goods increased
3. Prices of goods decreased
4. More consumer demand due to lowered prices
5. Jobs were created in factories and on rail lines
6. Social changes as well!

10. Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Industry changed Europeans’ way of life
1. Urbanization: a movement of people to cities
Did they come by choice???
Yes and no…changes in farming, demand for workers

11. Overcrowding Manchester: 17,000 in 1750…40,000 in 1780…70,000 in 1801!
Dirty and disease ridden from factories
City governments were corrupt and inefficient
Cities were unsafe

12. Tenant Housing Shabby apartment buildings
No light, no running water, many to one room, no sanitation system

13. Hazards of Factory Life
Long work days (12-16 hours)
No safety devices (loss of limbs, lives)
Pollution (coal dust, lint into lungs of workers)
Many employers preferred women to men
Thought they could adapt to machines better, easier to manage
Women were paid less than men
Grim family life (“double-shift”)

15. Children Suffered in Mills and Mines
Were “trappers” – cleared the ventilation shafts
Orphaned children worked for food and board
Many families needed the extra money
Many were beat, very few received an education
Factory Act of 1833: minimum 13 years old, work maximum 8 hour day

18. Middle Class Expanded
Rise of factory owners, shippers and merchants
Lived in nice housing, dressed and ate well, women did not work
Viewed the poor as lazy or ignorant; responsible for their own misery

19. Political Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Capitalism = individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production (land, labor ,capital); businesses are privately owned
Socialism = government owns the means of production and operate them on behalf of the people
Capitalism vs. Socialism
Reform movements, unions, anti-trust laws

20. Conclusion Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse?
- Low pay, unemployment, horrible living conditions, need for reform
+New factories opened, created more jobs, wages rose, travel increased, horizons widened, opportunities increased
Conditions improved over time!

21. Assignment Hearing on Women in Factories
Questions
Complete questions 4-7 on page 370 (Ch.12-1 Section Assessment)
Answers Only!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!