1. Can Exercise Mimetics Substitute for Exercise?
Erik A. Richter, Bente Kiens, Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski 
Cell Metabolism 
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages (August 2008)
DOI: /j.cmet
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Complex Regulation of Muscle Phenotype
The regulation of muscle phenotype is extremely complex, involving many signaling molecules such as AMPK, CaMK, calcineurin, p38, and transcription factors (NFAT, PPARβ/δ, PGC-1α, and MEF-2). The paper by Narkar et al., 2008 suggests that combining stimulation of AMPK and PPARδ leads to an oxidative red phenotype in skeletal muscle. Although this is probably a desirable phenotype, perhaps stimulation can become too intense for some fibers? Illustration by Freja P. Pilegaard.
Cell Metabolism 2008 8, 96-98DOI: ( /j.cmet )
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions