1. COLD WAR 1

2. What is the United Nations?
An international organization to keep peace in the world

3. What were two results of the American occupation of Japan after World War II?
Japan became a democracy.
Japan became an ally (friend) of the United States.

4. What was the Cold War?
The war of words between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991

5. What is communism?
An economic system in which all property and means of production are owned by society as a whole (i.e., by the government in the name of the people)

6. What is socialism?
An economic system in which the government owns and controls the means of production, like power plants, transportation, and communication

7. What were the fundamental values of the American-led western nations during the Cold War?

8. Democracy
Individual freedom
Free market economic system based on private property and profit

9. What were the fundamental values of the Soviet Union and its allies during the Cold War?

10. Totalitarian government or dictatorship
Communism
Communist or socialist economic system

11. Where did the threat of a communist takeover cause President Truman to announce the Truman Doctrine?
Greece
Turkey

12. What was the Truman Doctrine?
United States would “support free peoples who [were] resisting attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

13. What President was responsible for the Marshall Plan?
Harry Truman

14. What was the Marshall Plan?
U.S. economic aid program to European nations after World War II

15. What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan?
Rebuild European economies
Stop the spread of communism

16. What was containment?
The American policy to limit communism to those areas where it already existed

17. What was the non-communist part of Germany during the Cold War?
West Germany

18. What was the communist part of Germany during the Cold War?
East Germany

19. Who was Alger Hiss?
A U.S. State Department official charged with giving secret documents to the Soviets
Convicted of perjury

20. Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
A couple who gained information about the U.S. atomic project
They were convicted of espionage and executed

21. What is espionage?
Spying

22. Central Intelligence Agency or CIA
What federal agency coordinates the spy activities of the United States government?
Central Intelligence Agency or CIA

23. What was NATO?
A defensive military alliance of the U.S. and Western European countries
An attack on one would be considered an attack on all

24. What was the Warsaw Pact?
A defensive military alliance of the Soviet Union and other communist countries in Eastern Europe
An attack on one would be considered an attack on all

25. Who was the Communist Chinese leader?
Mao Zedong

26. Who was the anti-communist Chinese leader?
Chiang Kai-shek

27. What is Taiwan?
Anti-communist nation founded on the island of Formosa when Chiang fled China

28. Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?
A Republican senator who accused many American officials of being communists

29. What was McCarthyism?
Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty, especially of being pro-communist, without solid evidence

30. How has the term McCarthyism continued to be used?
To refer to situations where someone makes false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association

31. What were the Army-McCarthy Hearings?
Televised investigations of alleged communist influence in the United States Army
Revealed that Senator Joseph McCarthy had made many false charges

32. Why were the Army-McCarthy Hearings important?

33. Showed that Senator Joseph McCarthy was a liar and a bully
Ended Senator McCarthy’s power and influence

34. What event brought an end to Joseph McCarthy’s power and influence?
The Army-McCarthy Hearings

35. Which is the communist Korea?
North Korea

36. Which is non-communist Korea?
South Korea

37. What was the Korean War?
The war caused when communist North Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea

38. Who was president when the Korean War began?
Harry S. Truman

39. Who was president when the Korean War ended?
Dwight D. Eisenhower

40. Which president was associated with massive retaliation?
Dwight D. Eisenhower

41. What was Massive Retaliation?
President Eisenhower’s policy that the U.S. would use swift, all-out military actions against any nation that attacked the U.S. or an ally

42. What was the Bay of Pigs?
The CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro. It failed!

43. Who was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
John F. Kennedy

44. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba
U.S. blockaded Cuba
Soviets removed the missiles

45. Who was the Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Nikita Khrushchev