1. Value Theory
Ethics: moral goodness, obligations, principles, justification; why be moral?
Social-Political Philosophy: justice, rights, responsibilities, the state, law
Aesthetics: art, beauty
Meaning of life

2. Cultural Relativism: Moral values are relative to one’s culture
There are no universally held values
Objection: this is simply false; universal values are interpreted differently
Ethical Absolutism: one set of moral values applies to all people and cultures
Relative vs. absolute Subjective vs. objective

3. Ethical relativism: no set of values ought to be applied to all
Objections:
The existence of moral differences does not justify them (“is does not imply ought”)
If a culture’s values were always “right,” there could be no moral development or progress
We would have to tolerate even cruel cultures
It is difficult to define the boundaries of which culture or subculture a person’s acts reflect
(Naturalistic Fallacy)