1. Protein Synthesis Standards:
3.1.2 – Explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits.
4.1.2 – Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins, and amino acids carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms.

2. RNA
The flow of genetic information can be symbolized as DNA RNA protein.
RNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
RNA has uracil in place of thymine.
RNA is single stranded and is shorter than DNA.

3. Types of RNA messenger RNA (mRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Gets read by the ribosome
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Makes up the majority of the ribosome
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings the amino acids to the ribosome

4. Transcription- occurs in the nucleus
During transcription, DNA acts as a template for directing the synthesis of RNA (DNA is read and RNA is made)

5. Example: DNA mRNA U C G A
A G C T

7. In nucleus and cytoplasm
DNA
RNA
(3 types)
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Bases
G, C, A, T
G, C, A, U (uracil)
Structure
Double-stranded
Single-stranded
Location in a Cell
Only in the nucleus
In nucleus and cytoplasm
Base Pairing
C-G and A-T
C-G and A-U

8. What is Protein Synthesis?

9. What are the building blocks of proteins?
What is a chain of amino acids called?

10. The nearly universal genetic code identifies the specific amino acids coded for by each three-nucleotide mRNA codon.

11. Genetic Code

12. Translation Process of building proteins from mRNA
Takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosomes
Anticodon bind to the codon of mRNA through base pairing
Example: Codon: CGA
Anticodon: GCU
The process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released.

13. Could you copy this sentence as you see it?
Jag älskar vetenskapen What does this sentence mean? I love science

15. A = amino acid
B = tRNA
C = anticodon
D = codon
E = mRNA
F = ribosome
G = protein (polypeptide)

16. Transcription and Translation Summary