1. EVOLUTION
GRADUAL CHANGE OVER TIME BY WHICH MODERN ORGANISMS HAVE DESCENDED FROM ANCIENT ORGANISMS

2. CHARLES DARWIN 1831 VOYAGE OF H.M.S BEAGLE
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: DIFFERENT CLIMATES LED TO VARIATIONS IN ANIMALS OF A SPECIES

3. JAMES HUTTON HYPOTHESIS: GEOLOGICAL FORCES FORMED ROCK LAYERS SLOWLY
PROPOSED EARTH’S AGEAD MILLIONS OF YEARS OLD

4. CHARLES LYELL
PAST EVENTS OF PROCESSES THAT CHANGED EARTH MUST BE EXPLAINED
INFLUENCED DARWIN WITH PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY

5. JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK
AMONG FIRST TO RECOGNIZE LIVING THINGS CHANGE OVER TIME
ALL SPECIES DESCENDED FROM OTHERS
ORGANISMS ADAPTED

6. LAMARCK
BY SELECTIVE USE/DISUSE OF ORGANS, ORGNAISMS ACQUIRED OR LOST TRAITS DURING LIFETIME
THESE COULD BE PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING AND LED TO CHANGE IN SPECIES

7. LAMARCK—TENDENCY TOWARD PERFECTION
CONTINUALLY ACQUIRING CHARACTERISTICS FOR SUCCESS
USE/DISUSE WOULD TRANSFORM ORGAN
INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED TRAITS

8. THOMAS MALTHUS
IF HUMAN POPULATION CONTINUED TO GROW UNCHECKED, SOONER OR LATER THERE WULD BE INSUFFICIENT LIVING SPACE/FOOD
DARWIN SET TO EXPLAIN WHY THIS DID NOT OCCUR

9. DARWIN’S CASE
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES WAS PRINTED AFTER MOTIVATION FROM ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
NATURAL SELECTION DRIVES EVOLUTION.

10. EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE: COMPETITION WITHIN SPECIES FOR NECESSITIES (CENTRAL TO DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION)
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST: RESULT OF INHERITED ADAPTATIONS THAT ALLOW INDIVIDUAL TO BE BETTER SUITED FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

11. NATURAL SELECTION
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST: ADAPTATIONS ARE ANATOMICAL (QUILLS), PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
BEST FIT WOULD REPRODUCE ORGANISMS WITH THE SUITABLE TRAIT

12. DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION
SPECIES DESCEND WITH CHANGES OVER TIME FROM OTHER SPECIES
IMPLIES ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE RELATED—COMMON DESCENT

13. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
FOSSIL RECORD: OLDER SPECIES IN BOTTOM ROCK LAYER; MOST RECENT ON TOP

14. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIVING SPECIES
TWO SPECIES ARE CLOSELY RELATED WHEN THEY SHARE COMMON ANCESTRY, REGARDLESS OF THEIR APPEARANCE
SHARED TRAITS IN UNRELATED SPECIES BECAUSE OF SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTS-CONVERGENT EVOLUTION

15. HOMOLOGUOUS BODY STRUCTURES
STRUCTURES THAT HAVE DIFFERENT MATURE FORMS BUT DEVELOP FROM SAME EMBRYONIC TISSUE
LIMBS OF VERTEBRATES VARY IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION BUT DEVELOPED FROM SAME GROUP OF CELLS
VESTIGIAL ORGANS: NATURAL SELECTION AGAINST STRUCTURE

16. SIMILARITIES IN EMBRYOLOGY
SAME GROUPS OF EMBRHYONIC CELLS DEVELOP IN SAME ORDER AND SIMILAR PATTERNS TO PRODUCE TISSUES AND ORGANS OF ALL VERTEBRATES

17. SUMMARY OF DARWIN’S THEORY
INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS DIFFER AND SOME VARIATION IS INHERITED
ORGANISMS PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING THAN CAN SURVIVE AND MANY THAT DO SURVIVE DO NOT REPRODUCE
BECAUSE MORE ORGANISMS ARE PRODUCED THAN CAN SURVIVE, COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES OCCUR

18. SUMMARY OF DARWIN’S THEORY
EACH UNIQUE ORGANISM HAS DIFFERENT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.
BEST SUITED INDIVIDUAL WILL SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE SUCCESSFULLY AND PASS THEIR HERITABLE TRAITS TO OFFSPRING

19. SUMMARY
NATURAL SELECTIN OVER TIME FOR SPEICES WITH SUITABLE ADAPTATIONS
SPECIES ALIVE TODAYU DESCENDED W/ MODIFICATINS FROM ANCESTRAL SPECIES THAT LIVED IN DISTANT PAST.

20. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THEORY
OFFERAS VITAL INSIGHTS TO ALL BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY CONSTANTLY CHANGES WITH NEW DATA
DEBATE CONTINUES