1. The Discovery of the Interstellar Medium (ISM)
Harry Kroto 2004

2. Harry Kroto 2004

3. Hartman 1904 K Ti Fe Ca Na T (100K) Binary Diffuse cloud
Harry Kroto 2004

4. Blue Shifted
Red Shifted
Harry Kroto 2004

5. Blue Shifted
Red Shifted
Harry Kroto 2004

6. Several clouds in the line of sight
Harry Kroto 2004

7. Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p63s s2 2s2 2p63p1 Sodium
2P1/2 2P
Spin orbit coupling
2P3/2 nm nm N2 N2 2S
Harry Kroto 2004

11. Doppler Shifts in Interstellar lines
/ = / = v/c
Harry Kroto 2004

12. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
589.00
589.59
(nm)
/ = / = v/c
Harry Kroto 2004

13. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm)
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
Harry Kroto 2004

14. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm) x
150 mm
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
Harry Kroto 2004

15. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm) x x
13 mm 
150 mm
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
Harry Kroto 2004

16. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm) x x
13 mm 
150 mm
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
= (13/150) = (nm)
Harry Kroto 2004

17. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm) x x
13 mm 
150 mm
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
= (13/150) = (nm)
v= (0.051/589.0)3x105
Harry Kroto 2004

18. Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines
0.59
589.00
589.59
(nm) x x
13 mm 
150 mm
/ = / = v/c
 = (x/x) 0.59
= (13/150) = (nm)
v= (0.051/589.0)3x105
= 26 km s-1
Harry Kroto 2004

19. Multiple Clouds in the Line of Sight
Harry Kroto 2004

20. Noting that the solar spectrum was crossed by "innumerable" dark lines, Fraunhofer mapped their relative positions with precision.  He developed an alphabetic system for labeling selected reference lines, assigning A to a line near the red end of the spectrum, D to the pair of dark lines associated with the bright orange streak he had observed in flame spectra, H to a line near the end of the visible violet, and I to a line in the ultraviolet.  Fraunhofer's lines puzzled practitioners and theorists alike for over four decades after the publication of his spectral maps.

22. e at: dwarmstr.blogspot.com/2006_04_01_archive.html

23. nm nm

24. jpg - imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../flame-elaboration.jpg

25.
Harry Kroto 2004

28. ----------- -0.031R -R/16 -R/9 -0.125R -R/4 -0.5R Positronium Levels
Hydrogen-like spectrum but to x 1/2 scale -R
Harry Kroto 2004