1. An alternative medicine study of herbal effects on the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes and the integrity of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid 
Richard R. Ondrizek , M.D., Philip J. Chan, Ph.D., William C. Patton, M.D., Alan King, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 71, Issue 3, Pages (March 1999)
DOI: /S (98)

2. FIGURE 1
(A and B), Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (20:80) analysis for screening mutations in the designated sentinel BRCA1 exon 11 gene after polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA in sperm exposed to herbs for 7 days. Bands are observed at 49% denaturant at a calculated melting temperature of 76.2°C after staining in ethidium bromide and visualization in ultraviolet light. The shifted amplified band in lane 2 (A) suggests a point mutation. The bands are amplified BRCA1 exon 11 DNA obtained from sperm after the following treatments: (A), Lane 1 = control, lane 2 = 0.6 mg/mL of St. John’s wort, lane 3 = 0.1 mg/mL of ginkgo biloba, lane 4 = 0.8 mg/mL of echinacea; lane 5 = 0.9 mg/mL of saw palmetto, and lane 6 = control; (B), Lanes 1 and 2 = controls, lane 3 = 0.06 mg/mL of St. John’s wort, lane 4 = 1 mg/mL of ginkgo biloba, lane 5 = 9 mg/mL of saw palmetto, and lane 6 = 8 mg/mL of echinacea.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (98) )